___

• 1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, et al. American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2009;119:e21-181.
• 2. Plutzky J. Macrovascular effects and safety issues of therapies for type 2 diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2011;108(3 Suppl):25B-32B.
• 3. Shah AD, Langenberg C, Rapsomaniki E, Denaxas S, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Gale CP, et al. Type 2 diabetes and incidence of cardiovascular diseases: a cohort study in 1·9 million people. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3:105-13.
• 4. Mooradian AD, Albert SG, Haas MJ. Low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese subjects with normal serum triglycerides: the role of insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9:441-3.
• 5. Dullaart RP, De Vries R, Scheek L, Borggreve SE, Van Gent T, Dallinga-Thie GM, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with differential effects on plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein activities and concentrations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2004;64:205-15.
• 6. Landsberg L, Young JB. Insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in the relationship between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. Int J Obes 1985;9:63-8.
• 7. Young LH, Russell RR, Chyun D, Ramahi T. Heart failure in diabetic patients. In: Johnstone MT and Veves A (eds). Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Humana Pres: Totowa, NJ; 2001:pp.281-97.
• 8. Creager M, Luscher T, Cosentino F, Beckman J. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Circulation 2003;108:1527-32.
• 9. Henning RJ. Type-2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Future Cardiol 2018;14:491-509.
• 10. Hu G, Jousilahti P, Qiao Q, Katoh S, Tuomilehto J. Sex differences in cardiovascular and total mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with or without history of myocardial infarction. Diabetologia 2005;48:856-61.
• 11. Smyth A, O’Donnell M, Yusuf S. Response by Smyth et al. to letters regarding article,“Physical activity and anger or emotional upset as triggers of acute myocardial infarction: the INTERHEART study”. Circulation 2017;135:e644-5.
• 12. Preis SR, Pencina MJ, Hwang SJ, D'Agostino Sr RB, Savage PJ, Levy D, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2009;120:212-20.
• 13. Mendis S, Abegunde D, Yusuf S, Ebrahim S, Shaper G, Ghannem H, et al. WHO study on Prevention of REcurrences of Myocardial Infarction and StrokE (WHO-PREMISE). Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:820-9.
• 14. Donahoe SM, Stewart GC, McCabe CH, Mohanavelu S, Murphy SA, Cannonet CP, et al. Diabetes and mortality following acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2007;298:765-75.
• 15. Nagendran J, Bozso SJ, Norris CM, McAlister FA, Appoo JJ, Moon MC, et al. Coronary artery bypass surgery improves outcomes in patients with diabetes and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:819-27.
• 16. Yuan J, Xu GM. Early and late stent thrombosis in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2018;18:483-92.
• 17. Koshizaka, M, Lopes, RD, Reyes, EM. Long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: results from the project of Ex-vivo Vein graft engineering via transfection IV trial. Am Heart J 2015;169:175-84.
• 18. Rubler S, Dlugash J, Yuceoglu YZ, Kumral T, Branwood AW, Grishman A. New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 1972;30:595-602.
• 19. Stevens MJ, Dayanikli F, Raffel DM, Allman KC, Sandford T, Feldman EL, et al. Scintigraphic assessment of regionalized defects in myocardial sympathetic innervation and blood flow regulation in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1575-84.
• 20. Fonarow GC, Stough WG, Abraham WT, Albert NM, Gheorghiade M, Greenberg BH, et al. Characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of patients with preserved systolic function hospitalized for heart failure: a report from the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:768-77.
• 21. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA 1979;241:2035-8.
• 22. Asleh R, Briasoulis A, Schettle SD, Tchantchaleishvili V, Pereira NL, Edwards BS, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on outcomes in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices: a single institutional 9-year experience. Circ Heart Fail 2017;10:e004213.
• 23. Tatlı BT, Pala AA, Engin M, Taner T, Ata Y. Retrospective investigation of postoperative mid-term results of cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation methods used in atrial fibrillation surgery treatment. Eur Res J 2021;7:501-8.
• 24. Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vaziri SM, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, Wolf PA. Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 1994;271:840-4.
• 25. Samanta R, Pouliopoulos J, Thiagalingam A, Kovoor P. Role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 2016;13:311-20.
• 26. Fiaschi T, Magherini F, Gamberi T, Lucchese G, Faggian G, Modesti A, et al. Hyperglycemia and angiotensin II cooperate to enhance collagen I deposition by cardiac fibroblasts through a ROS-STAT3-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014;1843:2603-10.
• 27. Fukui A, Takahashi N, Nakada C, Masaki T, Kume O, Shinohara T, et al. Role of leptin signaling in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II-mediated atrial fibrosis and fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2013;6:402-9.
• 28. Karmazyn M, Purdham DM, Rajapurohitam V, Zeidan A. Signalling mechanisms underlying the metabolic and other effects of adipokines on the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2008;79:279-86.
• 29. Macheret F, Bartz TM, Djousse L, Ix JH, Mukamal KJ, Zieman SJ, et al. Higher circulating adiponectin levels are associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in older adults. Heart 2015;101:1368-74.
• 30. Guckel D, Isgandarova K, Bergau L, Piran M, El Hamriti M, Imnadze G, et al. The effect of diabetes mellitus on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after ablation. J Clin Med 2021;10:4863.
• 31. Engin M, Aydın C. Investigation of the effect of HATCH score and coronary artery disease complexity on atrial fibrillation after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Med Princ Pract 2021;30:45-51.
• 32. Yavuz S, Engin M. Preoperative predictors of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. J Card Surg 2022;37:1651-3.
• 33. Weymann A, Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh S, Popov A-F, Sabashnikov A, Mirhosseini SJ, Liu T, et al. Hematologic indices as predictors of atrial fibrillation following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, valvular surgery or combined procedures: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Kardiol Pol 2018;76:107-18.
• 34. AlTurki A, Marafi M, Proietti R, Cardinale D, Blackwell R, Dorian P, et al. Major adverse cardiovascular events associated with postoperative atrial fibrillation after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020;13:e007437.
• 35. Rajala U, Laakso M, Painvansalo M. Blood pressure and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid, aortic and femoral arteries in elderly Finns with diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. J Hum Hypertension 2005;19: 85-91.
• 36. Henefeld M, Koehler C, Henkel E, Fuecker K, Schaper F, Temelkova-Kurtschiev T. Postchallenge hyperglycemia relates more strongly than fasting hy- perglycemia with carotid intima-media thickness: the RIAD study. Diabetic Med 2000;17:835-40.
• 37. Lim S, Mora-Pinzon M, Park T, Yoon W, Crisostomo PR, Cho JS. Medical therapy does not confer stroke prevention for all patients: identification of high-risk patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis is still needed. Int Angiol 2019;38:372-80.
• 38. Texakalidis P, Tzoumas A, Giannopoulos S, Jonnalagadda AK, Jabbour P, Rangel-Castilla L, et al. Risk factors for restenosis after carotid revascularization: a meta-analysis of hazard ratios. World Neurosurg 2019;125:414-24.
• 39. Rizwan M, Faateh M, Dakour-Aridi H, Nejim B, Alshwaily W, Malas MB. Statins reduce mortality and failure to rescue after carotid artery stenting. J Vasc Surg 2019;69:112-9.
• 40. Haltmayer M, Mueller T, Horvath W, Luft C, Poelz W, Haidinger D. Impact of atherosclerotic risk factors on the anatomical distribution of peripheral arterial disease. Int Angiol 2001;20:200-7.
• 41. Melton LJ III, Macken KM, Palumbo PJ, Elveback LR. Incidence and prevalence of clinical peripheral vascular disease in a population based cohort of diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1980;3:650-4.
• 42. Arya S, Binney ZO, Khakharia A, Long CA, Brewster LP, Wilson PW, et al. High hemoglobin A1c associated with increased adverse limb events in peripheral arterial disease patients undergoing revascularization. J Vasc Surg 2018;67:217-228.e1.
• 43. Goldberg JB, Goodney PP, Cronenwett JL, Baker F. The effect of risk and race on lower extremity amputations among Medicare diabetic patients. J Vasc Surg 2012;56:1663-8.
• 44. Humphries MD, Brunson A, Li CS, Melnikow J, Romano PS. Amputation trends for patients with lower extremity ulcers due to diabetes and peripheral artery disease using statewide data. J Vasc Surg 2016;64:1747-55.e3.
• 45. Prompers L, Huijberts M, Apelqvist J, Jude E, Piaggesi A, Bakker K, et al. High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study. Diabetologia 2007;50:18-25.
• 46. Hirsch AT, Hartman L, Town RJ, Virnig BA. National health care costs of peripheral arterial disease in the Medicare population. Vasc Med 2008;13:209-15.
• 47. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Statistics. American Cancer Society. http://cancerstatisticscenter.cancer.org/. Accessed November 3, 2019.
• 48. Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and theirrecurrence. N Engl J Med 2017;376:2367-75.
• 49. Bhat S, Mary S, Giri AP, Kulkarni MJ. Advanced glycation end products in diabetic complications. In: Mechanisms of vascular defects in diabetes mellitus. Springer International,;2017: pp.423-49.
• 50. Frykberg RG, Belczyk R. Epidemiology of the Charcot foot. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2008;25:17-28.
• 51. Pop-Busui R, Boulton AJM, Feldman EL, Bril V, Freeman R, Malik RA, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2017;40:136-54.
• 52. Dorresteijn JAN, Valk GD. Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012;28(Suppl 1):101-6.
• 53. Thomas J, Jacobson GA, Narkowicz CK, Peterson GM, Burnet H, Sharpe C. Toenail onychomycosis: an important global disease burden. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010;35:497-519.
• 54. Takagi H, Umemoto T. A contemporary meta-analysis of the association of diabetes with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int Angiol 2015;34:375-82.
• 55. Hendy K, Gunnarsson R, Cronin O, Golledge J. Infra-renal abdominal aortic calcification volume does not predict small abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. Atherosclerosis 2015;243:334-8.
• 56. Dattani N, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysms: a review of the mechanisms underlying the negative relationship. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018;15:367-74.
• 57. Grant PJ, Cosentino F. The 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: New features and the ‘Ten Commandments’ of the 2019 Guidelines are discussed by Professor Peter J. Grant and Professor Francesco Cosentino, the Task Force chairmen. Eur Heart J 2019;40:3215-7.