Kohezyonsuz Zeminlerin Tane Dağılım ve Şekil Özelliklerinin Aktif Göçme Yüzeyi Geometrisine Etkileri

İstinat duvarlarının aktif şartlara ulaşması sonucunda oluşan göçme yüzeylerinin geometrileri, granüler dolguların genleşim davranışından etkilenmektedir. Literatürdeki gerilme-genleşim denklemleri bağıl yoğunluğun ve gerilme durumunun zeminin genleşim davranışına etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Fakat bu değişkenlerin göçme anında oluşacak kayma bandı geometrisine etkilerini model deneyler ile araştıran mevcut çalışmalar düşük gerilmeler altında ve zeminlerin mikro-mekanik özellikleri dikkate alınmadan gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada kullanılmak üzere aktif yönde yanal olarak hareket edebilen ve düşey yönde sürşarj uygulayabilen küçük ölçekli bir 1G fiziksel istinat duvarı modeli oluşturulmuştur. Fiziksel model deney düzeneği kullanılarak farklı tane şekli ve boyutlarına sahip üç farklı granüler dolgu malzemesi ile çeşitli sıkılık-gerilme tertiplerinde deneyler yapılmıştır. Yapılan model deneylerinin görüntüleri parçacık görüntülü hız ölçümü (PGHÖ) yöntemi ile çözümlenmiş ve göçme yüzeyi geometrileri elde edilmiştir. Böylece tane boyutu, şekli ve sürşarj yükünün göçme yüzeyi geometrilerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Genleşim açısı, PGHÖ, fiziksel model, göçme yüzeyi

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