Hanane LOUGRAIMZI, Abdelaaziz BOUAICHI, Rajaa KHOLSSİ, Fatima EBICH, Driss RAOUGUİ, Mohamed FADLİ

The Study of Post-Harvest Cereal Practices and Socio-Economic Impacts of Chemicals Used For Grain Storage In Morocco

This study was conducted to characterize farmers' post-harvest conservation practices and identify the different storage structures, the main pests of cereals in stock, as well as the mode of application of insecticides to protect seeds against pests infestations. To identify these practices, we have prepared a questionnaire answering the main characteristics of the population of the three provinces. The grain storage structures in our region vary depending on the locality and the quantity of seeds stored. These structures play an essential role in grain conservation in reducing post-harvest losses. There are several traditional techniques for storing cereals, such as traditional granaries, which represent most used structure by respondents (59.46%). Unfortunately, 40% of farmers surveyed say they sell their crops because of the financial pressure is the fear of damage during storage. The main pests responsible for losses are seed weevils (Sitophilus granarius), tribolium (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) or Tribolium confusum), and cereal alucites (Sitotroga cerealella) with a percentage of 72%, 22%, and 6% respectively. However, the use of synthetic insecticides continues to be the major solution used for seed protection. However, our results revealed that the use, the doses, and the precautions of use of these insecticides are not respected, only 20% of the people surveyed know that there is a possibility a risk of intoxication by insecticides. The study shows that respondents are mishandling and overusing insecticides to protect cereals from pest infestations. This information is essential to recognize the origin of food poisoning among consumers and the worrying health risks humans.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Post-harvest, Conservation, Insecticides, Health risks, Cereal

The study of Post-Harvest Cereal Practices and Socio-Economic Impacts of Chemicals Used For Grain Storage in Morocco

Keywords:

Conservation, Insecticides, Health risks, Cereal, Post-harvest,

PDF

___

Abass, A. B., Ndunguru, G., Mamiro, P., Alenkhe, B., Mlingi, N., Bekunda, M. (2014). Post-harvest food losses in a maize-based farming system of semi-arid savannah area of Tanzania. Journal of stored products research, 57, 49-57.
Adjalian, E., Noudogbessi, J., Kossou, D., Sohounhloue, D. (2014). Status and perspectives of the fight against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789), pest of cereals in Benin: bibliographical summary. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 79 (1), 6955-6967.
Ahouangninou, C., Fayomi, B.E., Martin, T. (2011). Assessment of the sanitary and environmental risks of the phytosanitary practices of market gardeners in the rural municipality of Tori-Bossito (South-Benin). Cahiers Agricultures, 20 (3): 216-222.
Attia, M. A., Wahba, T. F., Shaarawy, N., Moustafa, F. I., Guedes, R. N. C., Dewer, Y. (2020). Stored grain pest prevalence and insecticide resistance in Egyptian populations of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Journal of Stored Products Research, 87, 101611.
Boateng, A. B. (2016). Determinants of postharvest loss in maize–a case study of Ejura–Sekyedumasi Municipality of Ashanti Region of Ghana (Doctoral dissertation).
Champ, B. R. and Dyte, C. E. (1977). FAO global survey of pesticide susceptibility of stored grain pests. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 25(2), 49-67.
Dauguet, S., Lacoste, F., Ticot, B., Loison, J. P., Evrard, J., Bouchtane, B., Soulet, B. (2006). The oilseed sector is mobilizing around the issue of insecticide residues. Oilseeds, Fats, Lipids, 13 (6), 373-377.
Dayan, F. E., Cantrell, C. L., Duke, S. O. (2009). Natural products in crop protection. Bioorg Med Chem, 17(12): 4022-4034.
Fleurat-Lessard, F. (2015). Pesticide residues in food grains: origin, fate and rational management. Quae. FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Idrissi, M., Aït, D.N., Ouammi, L., Rhalem, N., Soulaymani, A. & Soulaymani, R.B. (2010). Acute poisoning by pesticides: Data from the Anti-Poison Center of Morocco (1989-2007). Toxicology Morocco, 4 (1): 5-7.
Idrissi, M. H., Oualili, L., Abidi, K., Abouqal, R., Kerkeb, O., & Zeggwagh, A. A. (2006). Severity factors for acute aluminum phosphide poisoning (Phostoxin®). In French annals of anesthesia and reanimation (Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 382-385). Elsevier Masson.
Gueye, M. T., Seck, D., Wathelet, J. P., Lognay, G. (2012). Typology of storage and conservation systems for maize in eastern and southern Senegal. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment, 16 (1), 49-58.
Grdiša, M. and Gršić, K. (2013). Botanical insecticides in plant protection. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 78(2), 85-93.
Kalsa, K. K., Subramanyam, B., Demissie, G., Worku, A. F., Habtu, N. G. (2019). Major insect pests and their associated losses in quantity and quality of farm-stored wheat seed. Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2), 71-82.
Keleş, G. (2019). The analysis of factors affecting the seed choices of wheat producers in the Trakya region. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(3), 423-431.
Kim, S. I., Roh, J. Y., Kim, D. H., Lee, H. S., Ahn, Y. J. (2003). Insecticidal activities of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils against Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus chinensis. Journal of Stored products research, 39(3), 293-303.
Multigner, L. (2005). Delayed effects of pesticides on human health. Environment, Risks & Health, 4 (3), 187-194.
Obeng-Ofori, D. (2011). Protecting grain from insect pest infestations in Africa: producer perceptions and practices. Stewart Post-harvest Rev. 7 (3), 1e15.
Ramade, F. (1995). Elements of applied ecology. 5th edition. International science. p. 193-230.
Regnault-Roger, C., Fabre, G., Philogène, J.R., (2005). Phytosanitary issues for agriculture and the environment.
Scott, I. M., Jensen, H., Scott, J. G., Isman, M. B., Arnason, J. T., Philogène, B. J. R. (2003). Botanical Insecticides for Controlling Agricultural Pests: Piperamides and the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 54: 212–225.
Singh, S. (2016). Loss assessment and management of major stored grain insect pests of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) in Punjab (Doctoral dissertation, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana).
Tefera, T., Kanampiu, F., De Groote, H., Hellin, J., Mugo, S., Kimenju, S., Banziger, M. (2011). The metal silo: An effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses in maize while improving smallholder farmers’ food security in developing countries. Crop protection, 30(3), 240-245.
Toğantimur, O., Özder, N. (2019). Investigation on insect pest species in grain warehouse and flour mills in Edirne province. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(2), 192-201.
Weinzierl R. A. (2000). Botanical insecticides, Soaps and Oils. In: Biological and Biotechnological Control of Insect Pests (JE Rechcigl, NA Rechcigl, eds), Lewis publishers, Boca Raton, New York, USA, 110-130.
World Health Organization. (2004). Children are facing high risks from pesticide poisoning. In Children are facing high risks from pesticide poisoning (pp. 2-2).
Zongo, S., Ilboudo, Z., Waongo, A., Gnankiné, O., Doumma, A., Sembène, M., Sanon, A. (2015). Risks associated with the use of insecticides during storage of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) In the central region of Burkina Faso. Rev. CAMES, 3 (1).