Yumurta Ağırlığını Etkileyen Faktörler

Yumurta tavukçuluğu sektöründe, yumurta ağırlığı her zaman ekonomik olarak önemli bir özelliktir ve çeşitli tercihler nedeniyle tüketim üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu makalenin amacı; yumurta ağırlığını etkileyen faktörler üzerinde yapılmış bazı araştırmaları gözden geçirmektir. Yumurtacı tavuklar genetik olarak ortalama bir yumurta ağırlığına sahiptir fakat bu ağırlık üzerinde; canlı ağırlık, besleme ve aydınlatma programlarının da önemli etkisi olmaktadır. Optimum yumurta ağırlığını sağlayabilmek için, genetik olmayan faktörler yumurta üreticileri tarafından kontrol edilebilir. Cinsel olgunluk ağırlığı ile yumurta ağırlığı arasında pozitif genetik korelasyon olduğundan, yumurta ağırlığını etkileyen önemli faktörlerden biri, tavukların cinsel olgunluk ağırlığıdır. Cinsel olgunluk ağırlığı belirli seviyenin altında olan tavukların yumurtaları küçük olmaktadır. Tavuklar aydınlığa ve karanlığa karşı duyarlıdır ve bunun yumurta sayısı ve yumurta ağırlığı üzerinde önemli etkisi vardır. Yumurta ağırlığı üzerinde rasyonun enerji, yağ, protein ve amino asit düzeyleri de etkili olmaktadır. Günümüzde moleküler genetikteki gelişmelere bağlı olarak, yumurta ağırlığının genetik temelini aydınlatmak amacıyla araştırmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu derleme, tavukların yumurta ağırlığı ile genetik yapısı arasındaki ilişkileri araştıran çalışmaları da içermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Canlı ağırlık, Genom, Tavuk, Yumurta ağırlığı, Seleksiyon

Affecting Factors of Egg Weight

In layer sector, egg weight is always an economically important feature and has a critical impact on consumption due to various preferences. The purpose of this article is to review some researches on the factors affecting egg weight. Laying hens genetically have an average egg weight, but on this trait live weight, feeding and lighting programs also have an important effect. In order to achieve optimal egg weight, non-genetic factors can be controlled by egg producers. Because there is a positive genetic correlation between body weight at first egg and egg weight, one of the important factors that affects egg weight is the hen’s body weight at first egg. Hens had low body weight at first egg produce small eggs. Hens are sensitive to light and dark; this phenomenon has a significant effect on number of produced egg and egg weight. Energy, lipid, protein and amino acid levels of feed have effects on egg weight. As a result of the advances in molecular genetics recently, researches have been carried out to elucidate the genetic basis of egg weight. In addition, this review is including information which researches on the relationship between egg weight and genetic structure of chickens.

Keywords:

Body weight, Genom, Chicken, Egg weight, Selection,

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