Hüseyin GÖGER, Şahnur Erdoğan DEMİRTAŞ, Şermin YURTOĞULLARI

Beyaz Yumurtacı Baba Hatlarında Sperma Özelliklerinin ve Bu Özelliklerin Kuluçka Sonuçlarına Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma 1995 yılından beri Tavukçuluk Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde (Ankara, Türkiye) pedigrili olarak yetiştirilen ve hızlı tüylenme özelliği gösteren beyaz yumurtacı dört hat (Black, Blue, Brown ve Maroon hatları) üzerinde yapılmıştır. Enstitüde hızlı tüylenen horozlar ile yavaş tüylenen tavuklar çiftleştirilerek, beyaz yumurtacı hibrit genotipler üretilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, kuluçka sonuçlarına göre en iyi hattın belirlenmesi ve bunun hibrit üretiminde baba hattı olarak kullanılmasıdır. Bu amaçla dört hatta semen özellikleri, seminal ve kan plazma testosteron ve 17β-östradiol hormon düzeyleri ile yumurtalarda döllülük ve kuluçka randımanı belirlenmiştir. Üç yıl devam eden bu çalışmada toplam 117 horoz, 1019 tavuk ve 16310 yumurta kullanılmıştır. Genotipin; ejakülat hacmi, yumurta döllülük oranı, kuluçka randımanı ile semen ve kan plazma testosteron konsantrasyonları üzerine etkisinin istatistiki olarak önemli olduğu gözlenmiştir (p<0.05). Blue ve Brown hatlarında kuluçka randımanı, Black ve Maroon hatlarına göre daha yüksek olmuştur (p<0.05). Döllülüğün kalıtım derecesi (baba + ana) Black, Blue, Brown ve Maroon hatları için sırasıyla 0.29 ± 0.18, 0.59 ± 0.18, 0.11 ± 0.07 ve 0.11 ± 0.06 olarak tahmin edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Döllülük oranı, Kuluçka randımanı, Sperma özellikleri

Determination of Semen Characteristics and Their Effect on Hatching in White Layer Sire Lines

This study was carried out on four fast-feathering white layer pure lines (Black, Blue, Brown and Maroon lines) which have been produced by pedigreed since 1995 at Poultry Research Institute (Ankara, Turkey). At the institute, fast feathering cockerels and slow feathering hens are mated for white layer hybrid production. The aim of the study was to determine the line with the best performance according to the hatching traits and to use it as sire line for hybrid production. For this purpose, sperm characteristics, seminal and blood plasma testosterone and 17β-oestradiol hormone levels, fertility and hatchability of eggs from four lines were determined. A total of 117 cockerels, 1019 hens and 16310 eggs were used in this three-year study. Significant genotype effects were observed on ejaculate volume, egg fertility, hatchability and semen and blood plasma testosterone concentrations (p<0.05). Hatchability of the Blue and Brown lines was higher than that of the Black and Maroon lines (p<0.05). Heritability coefficients of fertility (sire + dam) were estimated for the Black, Blue, Brown and Maroon lines, with the values reaching 0.29 ± 0.18, 0.59 ± 0.18, 0.11 ± 0.07 and 0.11 ± 0.06, respectively.

Keywords:

Fertility Hatchability, Pure line, White Layer,

PDF

___

Szwaczkowski, T., 2003. Use of mixed model methodology in poultry breeding, estimation of genetic parameters. Poultry Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology. Georgia. Machal, L., Zatloukal, M., Stanislav, J.S., Molnarova, Z., 2003. The process of embryonic mortality in seven initial laying strains during incubation. Arc Anim Breed. 46: 483-489. Cheng, F.P., Guo, T.J., Wu, T.J., Lin, T.E., Ursem, P.J.F., Colenbrander, B., Fung, H.P., 2002. Annual variation in semen characteristics of pigeons (Columba livia). Poult Sci. 81: 1050-1056. Bansal, A.K., Cheema, R.S., 2014. Analysis of sperm and relationship between conventional sperm parameters and hypo-osmotic swelling test/acrylamide penetration assay – crossbred cattle bulls. Adv Appl Sci Res. 6: 39–44. Mcdaniel, C.D., Hannah, J.I., Parker, H.M., Smith, T.W., Schultz, C.D., Zumwalt, Z.D., 1998. Use of a sperm analyzer for evaluating broiler breeder males. 1. Effects of altering sperm quality and quantity on the sperm motility index. Poult.Sci. 77, 888-893. Elder, P.A., Lewis, J.G., 1985. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assa! (ELIS.41 for plasma testosterone. J Stero Bioch, 12: 635-638. Marcus, G.J., Durnford, R., 1988. Estradiol assay by microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay. J Steroid Biochem. 29: 207-212. Nash, J.P., Davail-Cuisset, B., Bhattacharyya, S., Suter, HC., Le Menn, F., Kirne, D.E., 2000. An enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for testosterone, estradiol, and 17,20 β-dihydroxy-4-pregenen-3-one using acetylcholinesterase as tracer, application to measurement of diel patterns in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Phys Biochem. 22: 355-363. NRC., 1994. National Research Council. Nutrients requirements of poultry. 9th ed Washington DC. National academic press. Tekin, N., 1994. Spermanın muayenesi ve değerlendirilmesi. (in) Evcil hayvanlarda reprodüksiyon sun'i tohumlama doğum ve infertilite. Ed, E.Alaçam e., l. Baskı. 69-79. Dizgievi, Konya. Lukaszewicz, E., Jerysz, A., Partyka, A., Siudzinska, A., 2008. Efficacy of evaluation of rooster sperm morphology using different staining methods. Res Vet Sci. 85: 583-588. Burrows, W.H., Quinn, J.P., 1937. The collection of spermatozoa from the domestic fowl and turkey. Poult Sci. 26: 19-24. Minitab Inc., 2016 Minitab 16 version for windows, State College PA 1680-3008, Pennsylvania. Peters, S.O., Omidiji, E.A., Ikeobi, C.O.N., Ozoje, M.O., Debambo, O.A.A., 2004. Effect of naked neck and frizzled genes on egg traits, fertility and hatchability in local chicken. 9th Annual conference of animal science association of Nigeria. Duzgunes, O., Kesici, T., Gurbuz, F., 1993. İstatistik Metotları I, II. baskı, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları. Ankara. Liu, S.J., Zheng, J.X., Yang, N., 2008. Semen quality factor as an indicator of fertilizing ability for geese. Poult Sci. 87: 155-159. Siudzinska, A., Lukaszewicz, E., 2008. The effect of semen extenders and storage time on sperm morphology of four chicken breeds. J App Poult Res. 17: 101-108. Peters, S.O., Shoyebo, O.D., Ilori, B.M., Zoje, M.O.O., Ikeobi, C.O.N., Adebambo, OA., 2008. Semen quality traits of seven strain of chickens raised in humid tropics. I J Poult Sci. 7: 949-953. Mellor, S., 2001. Selecting males by sperm quality. World Poultry, 17: 32-34. Parker, H.M., Yeatman, J.B., Schultz, C.D., Zumwalt, C.D., McDaniel, C.D., 2000. Use of a sperm analyzer for evaluating broiler breeder males. 2. Selection of young broiler breeder roosters for the sperm quality index increases fertile egg production. Poult.Sci. 79: 771-777. Brillard, J.P., Mcdaniel, G.R., 1986. Influence of spermatozoa numbers and insemination frequency on fertility in dwarf broiler breeder hens. Poult Sci. 65: 2330–2334. Mcdaniel, C.D., Bramwell, R.K., Howarth, J.R., 1997. Development of a novel fluorescence technique for quantifying the total number of spermatozoa stored in the uterovaginal junction of hens. J Rep Fert. 109: 173–179. Hughes, B.L., Holleman, K.A., 1976. Efficiency of producing White Leghorn hatching eggs. Poult Sci. 55: 2383-2388. Froman, D.P., Feltmann, A., 2000. Sperm mobility: phenotype in roosters (Gallus domesticus) determined by concentration of motile sperm and straight line velocity. Biol Reproduc. 62: 303-309. Adeyemo, G.O., Longe, O.G., Adejumo, D.O., 2007. The reproduction performance of breeder cocks fed cottonseed cake-based diets. Int J Poult Sci. 6: 140-144. Jarinkovicova, L., Machal, L., Machal, J., Filipcik, R., Tumova, E., Horsky, R., 2012. Relationship of ejaculate quality and selected biochemical parameters of blood in cockerels of three laying lines. Czech J Anim Sci. 57: 370-376. Smyth, J.R., 1968. The artificial insemination of farm animals. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. Malik, A., Haron, A.W., Yusoff, R., Nesa, M., Bukar, M., Kasim, A., 2013. Evaluation of the ejaculate quality of the Red jungle fowl, domestic chicken, and Bantam chicken in Malaysia. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 37: 564–568. Hrncar, C., Barborova, L., Bujko, J., 2013. The quality of ejaculate in cocks of Brown Leghorn, Oravka and Brahma breeds. J Anim Sci Biotech. 46: 66–69. Tuncer, P.B., Kinet, H., Özdoğan, N., Demiral, O.Ö., 2006. Denizli horozlarında bazı spermatolojik özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 3: 37-42. Tuncer, P.B., Kinet, H., Özdoğan, N., 2008. Evaluation of some spermatological characteristics in Gerze cocks. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 55: 99-102. Falconer, D.S., MacKay, T.F.C., 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 4th ed. Long SciTech. New York. 1996. Sapp, R.L., Rekaya, R., Misztal, I., Wing, T., 2004. Male and female fertility and hatchability in chickens, A longitudinal mixed model approach. Poult.Sci. 83:1253–1259. Bennewitz, J., Morgades, O., Preisinger, R., Thaller, G., Kalm, E., 2007. Variance Component and Breeding Value Estimation for Reproductive Traits in Laying Hens Using a Bayesian Threshold Model. Poult Sci. 86: 823–828. Sewalem, A., Johansson, K., 2000. Egg weight and reproductive traits in laying hens, estimation of direct and maternal genetic effects using Bayesian approach via Gibbs sampling. Anim Sci. 70: 9–16. Beaumont, C., Millet, N., Le Bihan-Duval, E., Kipi, A., Dupuy, V., 1997. Genetic parameters of survival to the different stages of embryonic death in laying hens. Poult Sci. 76: 1193-1196. Wilson, H.R., Piesco, N.P., Miller, E.R., Nesbeth, W.G., 1979. Prediction of the fertility potential of broiler breeder males. W Poult Sci J. 35: 95-118. Islam, M.S., Howlinder, M.A.R., Kabir, F., Alam, J., 2002. Comparative assessment of fertility and hatchability Barred Plymouth Rock, White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red and White Rock hen. Int J Poult Sci. 1: 85-90. Harris, G.C., Benson, J.A., Sellers, R.S., 1980. The influence of day length, body weight and age on the production ability of breeder cockerels. Poult Sci. 63: 1705-1710. Lukaszewicz, E., Kruszynski, W., 2003. Evaluation of fresh semen and frozen-thawed semen of individual ganders by assessment of spermatozoa motility and morphology. Theriogenology. 59: 1627-1640. Lisowski, M., Bednarczyk, M., 2005. Effects of tamoxifen dose and nutrition scheme during growth on stimulation of the reproductive system in Cornish breed cocks. Folia Biologica (Kraków). 53: 1–6. Goger, H., 1993. Kuluçkacılıkta gözlenen embriyo ölümlerinin nedenlerinin belirlenmesiyle ilgili önemli konular. Teknik Tavukçuluk Dergisi. 78:3-9. Galal, A., 2007. Predicting semen attributes of naked neck and normally feathered male chickens from live performance traits. I J Poult Sci. 1: 36–42. Iqbal, J., Khan, S.H., Mukhtar, N., Ahmed, T., Pasha, RA., 2016. Effects of egg size (weight) and age on hatching performance and chick quality of broiler breeder. J App Anim Res. 44: 54–64. Landauer, W., 1961. Hatchability of Chicken Eggs as Influenced by Environment and Heredity, The Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Monograph. 1: 68–137. Hagger, C., Steiger-Stafl, D., Marguerat, C.,1986. Embryonic mortality in chickens eggs as influenced by egg weight and inbreeding. Poult Sci. 65: 812–814. Sewalem, A., Johansson, K., Carlgren, A.B., Wilhelmson, M., Lillpers, K., 1998. Are reproductive traits impaired by selection for egg production traits in laying hens? J Anim Breed Gen. 115: 281–297. Schröcksnadel, H., Bator, A., Frick, J., 1971. Plasma testosterone level in cocks and hens. Steroids. 18: 359–365. Zeman, M., Kosutzky, J., Bobakova, E., 1986. Testosterone concentration in the seminal plasma of cocks. Br Poult Sci. 27: 261–266. Anderson, E.M., Navara, K.J., 2011. Steroid hormone content of seminal plasma influences fertilizing ability of sperm in White Leghorns. Poult Sci. 90: 2035–2040. Eslick, M.L., McDaniel, G.R., 1992. Interrelationships between fertility and hatchability of eggs from broiler breeder hens. J App Poult Res, 1:156–159. Vizcarra, J.A., Ford, J.J., 2006. Validation of the sperm mobility assay in boars and stallions. Theriogenology. 66:1091-1097. Machal, L., Krivanek, I., 2002. Indicators of semen quality of rooster of three paternal layer lines and specific conductivity of the semen. Acta Vet Brno. 71: 109–116. Kamanli, S., Boga, A.G., Durmus, I., 2016. Comparison of two-crossing combinations in terms of some performance and egg quality characteristics in white egg layer parents. J Poult Res. 13: 1-4.