___

• Aguirre V, Orihuela A & Vázquez R (2007). Effect of semen collection frequency on seasonal variation in sexual behaviour, testosterone, testicular size and semen characteristics of tropical hair rams. Tropical Animal Health and Production 39(4): 271-277
• Ake-Lopez J, Raké-Villanueva N Y, Segura-Correa J C, Ake-Villanueva J R & Montes-Perez R C (2016). Effect of age and season on semen traits and serving capacity of Pelibuey rams under tropical conditions. Livestock Research for Rural Development 28(9): 166
• Aksoy M, Ataman M B, Karaca F & Kaya A (1994). lnterrelationships between morphometric measurements of testes and sperm quality in Merino rams (In Turkish). Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 10: 127-129
• Alexopoulos K, Karagiannidis A & Tsakalof P (1991). Development of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of ejaculates from Chios, Serres and Karaguniki breed lambs. Therogenology 36(4): 521-708
• Al-Kawmani A, Alfuraiji M M, Kandeal S A, Farah M A & Alanazi K M (2018). Pubertal changes in testicular parameters and secretion of testosterone in Najdi and Naemi ram lambs under desert conditions. Indian Journal of Animal Research 52(2): 212-219
• Aygün T & Karaca O (1995). Some testicular characteristics in Karakas male lambs (In Turkish). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences19: 161-167
• Aygün T & Karaca O (2000). The relationships between serum testosterone concentrations and testis characteristics of Karakas male lambs (In Turkish). Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6(3): 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000976
• Courot M & Ortavant R (1981). Endocrine control of spermatogenesis in the ram. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 30:47-60
• Cusabio (2011). Sheep testosterone elisa kit. www.cusabio.com (Retrieved, 08.02.2011)
• Delgadillo J A, Leboeuf B & Chemineau U (1991). Decrease in the seasonality of sexual behavior and sperm production in bucks by exposure to short photoperiodic cycles. Theriogenology 36(5): 755-770
• Dufour J J, Fahmy M H & Minvielle F (1984). Seasonal changes in breeding activity, testicular size, testosterone concentration and seminal characteristics in rams with long or short breeding season. Journal of Animal Science 58 (2): 416-422
• Düzgüneş O, Eliçin A & Akman N (1987). Hayvan ıslahı. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi. No:1003, Ankara
• Fernandez A D, Villages N, Klappenbach A & Machado A (1993). Effect of age and breed on semen production and sexual activity. Animal Breeding Abstracts 61: 880
• Gonzalez R, Poindron P & Signoret J P (1988). Temporal variation in LH and testosterone responses of rams after the introduction of oestrous females during the breeding season. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 83: 201-208
• Gülyüz F & Yıldız C (1995). Investigations on the spermatological characteristics and fertility of various breed rams (In Turkish). The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil 6(1-2): 60-63
• Gündoğan M (1999). Correlation of the testicle measures between semen characteristics and blood serum testosterone levels of the rams (In Turkish) Journal of Animal Research 9: 49-52
• Gündoğan M (2007). Seasonal variation in serum testosterone, T3 and andrological parameters of two Turkish sheep breeds. Small Ruminant Research 67: 312-316
• Gündoğan M & Demirci E (2003). Monthly changes in some reproduction parameters in testosterone and thyroxine values of ram throughout one-year continental climate conditions. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 110: 450-453
• Gündoğan M, Demirci E, Bozkurt T & Sönmez M (1997). The changes before, during and later the breeding season in the semen characteristics of the rams (In Turkish). The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil 8(1-2): 40-42
• Gündoğan M, Uçar M & Tekerli M (2002). A study on morphometric measurements of testes and spermatologic features of rams kept under Afyon conditions (In Turkish). Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18(1-2): 63-67
• Gündoğan M, Uçar M & Tekerli M (2003a). An investigation on the relationships between the morphometric measurements of testes and other spermatological features in the rams maintained in the conditions of Afyon before, during and after the breeding period (In Turkish). Journal of Lalahan Livestock Research Institute 43(1): 9-22
• Gündoğan M, Uçar M, Tekerli M & Yeni D (2003b). Possible association between age and reproductive parameters in Akkaraman rams during breeding season. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 13: 1-2
• Hassanin S H, Hussein A F, Khattab Y A & Abdalla M A (2013). Reproductive performance of rams under arid conditions. Life Science Journal 10(4): 2596-2605
• İkiz F, Püskülcü H & Eren Ş (1996). İstatistiğe giriş. Barış Yayınları Fakülteler Kitabevi, İzmir 402-403
• İnce D & Karaca O (2009). Seasonal changes of testis characteristics and semen quality in Karya and Cine Capari rams (In Turkish). Journal of Animal Production 50(2): 9-15
• IBM SPSS (2017). Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York
• Ismaeel M A (2018). Seasonal effect on the scrotal circumference, concentration of testosterone and some biochemical parameters in Nuaimie breed rams in Salah-din province. Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Science 11(1-7)
• JMP (2003). JMP User Guide Version, 5.0.1.2. SAS Institute, Carey, North Carolina
• Karaca F, Gülyüz F, Tasal İ & Demir H (1998). Studies on spermatologic features and measurements of testes in Hamdane rams (In Turkish). The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Yuzuncu Yil 9(1-2): 14-16
• Karagiannidis A, Varsakeli S, Alexopoulos C & Amarantidis I (2000). Seasonal variation in semen characteristics of Chios and Friesian rams in Greece. Small Ruminant Research 37: 125-130
• Karakuş K & Cengiz F (2007). The effect of spermatologic characteristics on fertility in adult Norduz and Karakaş rams (In Turkish). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 17(1): 7-15
• Kaya A, Yıldız C, Lehimcioğlu N C, Ergin A & Aksoy M (1999). Seasonal variation in sperm quality, testicular size and plasma testosterone concentrations in Konya Merino rams (In Turkish). Journal of Animal Research 9(1-2): 1-5
• Kaymakçı M (2016). İleri koyun yetiştiriciliği kitabı, genişletilmiş 5. Baskı. Meta Basım Matbaacılık, Bornova, İzmir
• Kaymakçı M, Sarıcan C & Karaca O (1988). Investigation of testicular characteristics in male Acıpayam lambs (In Turkish). Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University 25(2): 109-123, İzmir
• Kırk K (2001). Morphological and physiological development of testicles in male Awassi lambs (In Turkish). PhD Thesis (Published) Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana
• Kridli RT & Al-Yacoub A (2006). Sexual performance of Awassi ram lambs reared in different sex composition groups. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 96: 261-267
• Kridli RT & Said S I (1999). Libido testing and the effect of exposing sexually Naive Awassi rams to estrous ewes on sexual performance. Small Ruminant Research 32: 149-152
• Kulaksız R, Daşkın A & Akçay E (2010). A study on morphometric measurements of testes and spermatologic features of Karayaka rams during nonbreeding season (In Turkish). Veterinary Journal of Ankara University 57: 263-265
• Langford G A, Shrestha J N B, Sanford L M & Marcus G J (1990). Repeatability of scrotal size and semen quality measurements in rams in a short-day light regime. Animal Breeding Abstracts 58: 406
• Langford G A, Shrestha J N B, Sanford L M & Marcus G J (1998). Reproductive hormone levels of early postpubertal ram lambs in relation to breed, adult testis size and semen quality. Small Ruminant Research 29: 225-231
• Lincoln G A, Lincoln C E & McNeilly A S (1990). Seasonal cycles in the blood plasma concentration of FSH, inhibin and testosterone, and testicular size in rams of wild, feral and domesticated breeds of sheep. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 88: 623-633
• Martin L M, Crenshaw C C, Dean J A, Dart M G, Purdy P H & Ericsson S A (1999). Determination of the number of motilite sperm within an ovine semen sample using resazurin. Small Ruminant Research 32: 161-165
• Maxwell W M C (1986). Artificial insemination of ewe with frozen thawed semen at a synchronised oestrus; 1. Effect of spermatozoa and site of intrauterine insemination on fertility. Animal Reproduction Science 10: 309-316
• Minitube (2013). Sperm vision, chemical preparation, http://www.minitube.de (Retrieved 17.01.2013)
• Moore C & Sanford L M (1987). Genetics influence of predictability of testis function in rams. Animal Breeding Abstracts 55: 262
• Moraes J C, Oliveria N M & Ferruguem Moraes J C (1992). Evaluation of Romney rams on the basis testis dimension. Revista Brasileira-de Reproducao Animal 16(1-2): 55-62
• Nowakowski P & Cwikla A (1994). Seasonal variation it testes size in Polish Merino rams and its relationship to reproductive performance in spring. Theriogenology 42: 613-622
• Odabaşıoğlu F, Karaca O & Altın T (1992). Some characteristics of testis in Morkaraman yearling-male lamb and ram (In Turkish). Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Faktültesi Dergisi 8(1): 32-33
• Özdemir Z & Altın T (2002). Some testis characteristics in Kıvırcık male lambs (In Turkish). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12(1): 13-20
• Öztürkler Y, Ak K & İleri İ K (1997). The effect of season on post thaw spermatological properties in Kıvırcık rams (In Turkish). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 3(1): 73-79
• Price E O, Bench C J, Borgwardt R E & Dally M R (2000). Sexual performance of twin ram lambs and the effect of number and sex of contemporary siblings. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 68: 199-205
• Rege J E O, Toe F, Mukasa-Mugerwa E, Tembely S, Anindo D, Baker R L & Lahlou-Kassi A (2000). Reproductive characteristics of Ethiopian Highland sheep, II. genetic parameters of semen characteristics and their relationships with testicular measurements in ram lambs. Small Ruminant Research 37: 173-187
• Salhaba S A, Zarkawib M, Wardehc M F, Al-Masrib M R & Kassemd R (2001). Development of testicular dimensions and size, and their relationship to age, body weight and parental size in growing Awassi ram lambs. Small Ruminant Research 40: 187-191
• Salhaba S A, Zarkawib M, Wardehc M F, Al-Masrib M R & Kassemd R (2003). Characterization and evaluation of semen in growing Awassi ram lambs. Tropical Animal Health and Production 35: 455-563
• Souza C E A, Arau´Jo1 A A, Oliveira J T A, Lima Souza A C, Neiva J N M & Moura A A (2010). Reproductive development of Santa Ineˆs rams during the first year of life: body and testis growth, testosterone concentrations, sperm parameters, age at puberty and seminal plasma proteins. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 45: 644-653
• Soylu M K, Gökçen H, Tümen H & Dogan İ (1991). Studies on some andrological features of imported rams in different breeds (In Turkish). Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 1(1): 15-18
• Sönmez M & Demirci E (2003). The effect of intramuscular vitamin C applications on semen quality in rams (In Turkish). Fırat University Veterinary Journal of Health Sciences 17(3): 195-201
• IBM SPSS (2017). Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York
• Taha T A, Abdel-Gawad E I & Ayoub M A (2000). Monthly variations in some reproductive parameters of Barki and Awassi rams throughout 1 year under suptropical conditions, 1. semen characteristics and hormonal levels. Journal of Animal Science 71(2): 317-324
• Taşkın T (1995). Seasonal variation of some breeding traits in Kıvırcık and Dağlıç male lambs (In Turkish). PhD Thesis (Published) Ege Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüüsü, İzmir
• Taşkın T & Kaymakçı M (1996). Changes in some reproductive traits in Kıvırcık and Dağlıç male lambs (In Turkish). Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University 33(2-3): 73-81
• Tekin N (1990). Erkek üreme organlarının muayenesi (androlojik muayeneler). (Ed: E Alaçam) Theriogenology, Nurol Matbaacılık A.Ş., Ankara s. 53- 67
• Tietz N W (1987). Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, 3rd edition. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia 944-975
• Toe F, Lahlon-Kassi A & Mukasa-Mugerwa E (1994). Semen characteristics of Ile-De-France rams of different age and physical conditions. Theriogenology 42: 321-326
• Toe F, Rege J E O, Mukasa-Mugerwa E, Tembely S, Anindo D, Baker R L & Lahlou-Kassi A (2000). Reproductive characteristics of Ethiopian highland sheep I. Genetic parameters of testicular measurements in ram lambs and relationship with age at puberty in ewe lambs. Small Ruminant Research 36: 227-240
• Tsakmakidis I A (2010). Ram semen evaluation: Development and efficiency of modern techniques. Small Ruminant Research. 92: 126-130
• Wilson J D (1999). The role of anrogens in male gender role behaviour. Biology Reproduction 60: 1373-1377
• Yılmaz A & Aygün T (2002). Some testis characteristics of Norduz male lambs (In Turkish). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(12): 21-26
• Yılmaz A & Cengiz F (2010). The some spermatological characteristics in Norduz ram lambs and its change based on age (In Turkish). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20(2): 52-57
• Yılmaz B (1999). Hormonlar ve üreme fizyolojisi. 1. Basım, Feryal Matbaacılık, Ankara
• Yılmaz O & Karaca O (2004). Seasonal changes in sperm characteristics of Chios and Karya type rams (In Turkish). 4. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi. Bildiriler: 1-3 Eylül, Isparta pp. 130-135
• Zamiria M J, Khalili BB, Jafaroghli C M & Farshadd A (2010). Seasonal variation in seminal parameters, testicular size, and plasma testosterone concentration in Iranian Moghani rams. Small Ruminant Research 94: 132-136