Investigations on the Use of Kairomone and Pheromone Attractants for Control of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) by Mass-trapping in Nectarine Orchards

Thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cause superficial, browncolored scars and discoloration called silvering on the surface ofnectarine fruit which reduce market quality. In cases of high thripspopulations, cracking and splitting of the fruit in accompany tosuperficial damage causes the fruit to be discarded. The study whichwas based on non-chemical control of thrips species was conductedin a commercial nectarine orchard in Tarsus county of Mersinprovince in 2013 and 2014. In the study, pest management effect ofmass trapping by yellow colored sticky traps baited withsemiochemical-kairomone and pheromone-were detected. Eachsemiochemical was tested in a particular plot. One baited trap per treewas hung at both kairomone and pheromone plots and one bait-freetrap per tree at the control plot. The traps were all hung at the pinkbud period and were recovered after harvest. The amount of thripsadult and larvae in the flower buds were checked 4-7 day intervalsand the traps were checked weekly to count the individuals caught ontraps. The results showed that the lowest number of thrips wasdetected in nectarine flowers in the kairomone plot and kairomonebaited traps captured the highest number of thrips adults. To thecontrary, flowers taken from the control plot had the highest numberof thrips and control traps captured the lowest number of thrips adults.The success of mass trapping by adding semiochemicals to stickytraps was evaluated by comparing fruit damage in baited and unbaitedtrap plots by observing 100 fruits on each of five replicate trees for500 fruit total at each plot before harvest. The fruit damage was 9.0%and 9.8% in the kairomone plot and was 11.2% and 18.2% in thepheromone plot while it was 23.4% and 20.0% in the control plot inyears 2013 and 2014 respectively. Mass trapping by baited traps forthrips control in nectarine orchards seems to be encouraging forintegrated pest management especially when considering the easilyoccurring pesticide resistance of thrips species.

PDF

___

Abdullah Z S, Greenfield B P J, Ficken K J, Taylor J W D, Wood M & Butt T M (2015). A new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis in protected crops. Springerplus 4: 89
Anonymous (2018). Turkey Statistics Corporation
Anonymous (2019a). Fact sheet. Impact board yellow. Retrieved in 2018 from http://russellipm-agriculture.com/impact-board-yellow
Anonymous (2019b). Thripline Frankliniella occidentalis. Retrieved in 2019 from http://www.biolineagrosciences.com/products/thripline
Anonymous (2019c). Lurem-TR. Thrips attractant kairomone Thripidae. Retrieved in 2019 from https://www.koppert.com/lurem-tr
Atakan E (2008). Population fluctuations of two thrips (Thysanoptera) species and the thrips damage associated with some temperate fruits in Adana province, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology 32(4): 255-271
Atakan E, Pehlivan S & Satar S (2016). Response of some beneficial insect species to colored sticky traps in citrus. Turkish Journal of Entomology 40(4): 385-396
Broughton S (2009). Evaluation of colour and pheromones for monitoring thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in pome and stone fruit. IXth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses. 31August-4 September 2009, Australia. Journal of Insect Science Vol. 10 (141): 6
Broughton S & Harrison J (2012). Evaluation of monitoring methods for thrips and the effect of trap colour and semiochemicals on sticky trap capture of thrips (Thysanoptera) and beneficial insects (Syrphidae, Hemerobiidae) in deciduous fruit trees in Western Australia. Crop Protection 42: 156-163
Broughton S, Cousins D A & Rahman T (2015). Evaluation of semiochemicals for their potential application in mass trapping of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in roses. Crop Protection 67: 130-135
Darnell-Crumpton C, Catchot A, Cook D R, Gore J, Dodds D M, Morsello S C & Musser F (2018). Neonicotinoid insecticide resistance in tobacco Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of Mississippi. Journal of Economic Entomology 111(6): 2824-2830
Gonzales E, Alvaro M, Berlanga E, Serrano A & de la Rosa A (1994). Damage to nectarines caused by thrips in the Guadalquivir Valley. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas 20(1): 229-241
Harbi A, Elimem M & Chermiti B (2013). Use of a synthetic kairomone to control Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera; Thripidae) in protected pepper crops in Tunisia. The African Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 7(1): 42-47
Hazır A & Ulusoy M R (2008). Studies on determination of pests, predators and parasitoits, population dynamics of major pests, and the effects of various pesticides on Chilocorus bipustulatus l. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in peach and nectarine orchards in the East Mediterranean Region. PhD Thesis, Cukurova University, Turkey, 145 pp
Hazır A & Ulusoy M R (2012). Population fluctuation of Thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in nectarine orchards and damage levels in East Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Journal of Entomological Research Society 14(1): 41-52
Hazır A, Ulusoy M R & Atakan E (2011). Studies on determination of Thysanoptera species associated with nectarines and their damage in Adana and Mersin provinces, Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Entomology 35(1): 133-144
Herron G A & James T M (2007). Insecticide resistance in Australian populations of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). General and Applied Entomology Vol. 36: 1-6
Kirk W D J & Hamilton J G C (2009). The aggregation pheromones of thrips. IXth International Symposium on Thysanoptera and Tospoviruses. 31August-4 September 2009, Australia. Journal of Insect Science Vol. 10(141): 19-20
Muvea A M, Waiganjo M M, Kutima H L, Osiemo Z, Nyasani J O & Subramanian S (2014). Attraction of pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) infesting French beans to coloured sticky traps with Lurem-TR and its utility for monitoring thrips populations. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science 34(3): 197-206
Pearsall I A (2000). Damage to nectarines by the western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Economic Entomology 93(4): 1207-1215
Pearsall I A & Myers J H (2000). Population dynamics of Western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in nectarine orchards in British Columbia. Journal of Economic Entomology 93(2): 264-275
Sampson A & Kirk W D J (2013). Can mass trapping reduce Thrips damage and is it economically viable? management of the western flower Thrips in strawberry. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80787
Sengonca C, Blaeser P, Ozden O & Kersting U (2006). Occurence of thrips (Thysanoptera) infestation on nectarines and its importance to fruit damage in North Cyprus. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 113(3): 128-134
Teulon D A J, Nielsen M C, de Kogel W J, van Tol R W H M & Davidson M M (2008). A new lure for Thrips major. New Zealand Plant Protection 61: 386. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266375549
Tommasini M G, Cravedi P, Mazzoni E & Burgio G (2004). The damage of thrips on nectarine: sampling methods of populations and injury levels. Bulletin OILB-SROP 27(5): 35-47