Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Turkish Local Popcorn (Zea mays everta) Populations analyzed by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Markers

Maize (Zea mays everta) is preferred as a good dietary in Turkey and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. Genetic markers are very important in determining genetic diversity in popcorn populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of landraces popcorn populations by simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. A hundred seventy five accessions of popcorn from thirty five populations grown in Turkey were analyzed using twenty SSR markers. As a result of molecular analysis, 65 of 66 alleles obtained were showed polymorphisms and the polymorphism rate was 98.5%. The average number of alleles for each SSR loci was 3.3, and this the number of alleles varied from 1 to 5. The average the polymorphism information content (PIC) value was calculated to be 0.57 for SSR locus ranging from 0.00 to 0.89. The number and percentage of polymorphic loci of the genotypes were determined to vary between 29/47% and 43.94/71.21 % and the mean values were calculated as 39.114 and 59.265 % respectively. The value of genetic change in the phylogenetic tree obtained from landraces popcorn populations was determined as 0.05, and the genetic difference among genotypes varied from 14.7 to 97.1%. Among the markers used in the study, it was observed that code ‘phi064’ was the most effective marker for determining genetic diversity in popcorn and the highest allele frequency also on this marker was obtained.

PDF

___

Aci M M, Revilla P, Morsli A, Djemel A, Belalia N, Kadri Y, Khelifi-Saloui M, Ordás B & Khelifi L (2013). Genetic diversity in Algerian maize (Zea mays L.) landraces using SSR markers. Maydica 58: 304-310
Adjanohoun A, Allagbe M, Noumavo P A, Gotoechan-Hodonou H, Sikirou R, Dossa K K, GleleKakaï R, Kotchoni S O & Baba-Moussa L (2011). Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on field grown maize. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 11(3): 1457-1465
Atanda A S & Olaoye G (2017). Multiplex-Ready PCR assay of SSR marker diversity among quality protein maize inbred parental lines. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 34(2): 149-154 https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2016.1211325
Comertpay G (2008). Characterization of open polinated Turkish maize populations using morphological traits and SSRs molecular markers. Cukurova University of Cukurova Institute of Natural and Applied Science Field Crops Department, PhD Thesis, Adana (Published)
Doyle J J & Doyle J L (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin v.19 pp.11-15
Eschholz T W, Stamp P, Peter R, Leipner J & Hund A (2010). Genetic structure and history of swiss maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57(1): 71-84 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9452-0
Frankel O H (1972). The significance, utilization and conservation of crop genetic resources. FAO, Rome
Gauthier P, Gouesnard B, Dallard J, Redaelli R, Rebourg C, Charcosset A, Boyat A (2002). RFLP diversity and relationships among traditional european maize populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 105(1): 91-99 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-002-0903-7
Kimura M & Crow J F (1964). The Number of alleles that can be maintained in a finite population. Genetics 49(4): 725
Laborda P R, Oliveira K M, Garcia A A F, Paterniani M E A G Z, De Souza A P (2005). Tropical maize germplasm: What can we say about its genetic diversity in the light of molecular markers? Theoretical and Applied Genetics 111(7): 1288-1299 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-0055-7
Lewontin R C (1972). The Apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology 6: 381-398
Liu W S, Dong M, Song Z P, Wei W (2009). Genetic diversity pattern of Stipapurpurea populations in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Annals of Applied Biology 154: 57-65 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00274.x
McDermott J M & McDonald B A (1993). Gene flow in plant pathosystems. Annual Review of Phytopathology 31(1): 353-373
Molin D, Coelho C J, Máximo D S, Ferreira F S, Gardingo J R, Matiello R R (2013). Genetic diversity in the germplasm of tropical maize landraces determined using molecular markers. Genetics and Molecular Research 12(1): 99-114
Nei M (1972). Genetic distance between populations. The American Naturalist 106(949): 283
Nei M (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 70(12): 3321
Nei M (1978). The theory of genetic distance and evolution of human races. Japanese Journal of Human Genetics 23(4): 341
Ribeiro C A G, Pinto M D O, Maciel T E F, Pastina M M, Barros E G D, Guimarães C T (2017). Universal tail sequence-SSR applied to molecular characterization of tropical maize hybrids. Scientia Agricola 74(2): 163-168 https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0079
Rohlf F J (1992). Program numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Version 1.70 New York
Sharma L, Prasanna B M, Ramesh B (2010). Analysis of phenotypic and microsatellite-based diversity of maize landraces in India, especially from the North East Himalayan region. Genetica 138(6): 619-631 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-010-9436-1
Tahir N A & Maeruf M S (2016). Assessment of salinity tolerance and SSR profile differentiation in nine maize genotypes (Zea mays L). Maydica 61 M18: 1-8
Vivodík M, Gálová Z, Balážová Ž, Petrovičová L (2017). Genetic variation of European maize genotypes (Zea mays L.) detected using SSR markers. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 11(1): 126-131
Warburton M L, Ribaut J M, Franco J, Crossa J, Dubreuil P, Betrán FJ (2005). Genetic characterization of 218 elite CIMMYT inbred maize lines using RFLP markers. Euphytica 142:97-106 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-005-0817-y
Yao Q L, Yang K C, Pan G T, Rong T Z (2008). Genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) landraces from southwest China based on SSR data. J. Genet. Genomics 34: 851-860 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60096-4
Zhang J, Guo J, Liu Y, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Chen J (2016). Genome-wide association study identifies genetic factors for grain filling rate and grain drying rate in maize. Euphytica 212(2): 201-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1756-5