Amitraz’a dirençli Tetranychus urticae koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)’de çoklu direnç, kalıtım, sinerjizm ve detoksifikasyon mekanizmaları

Antalya ilinde fasulye serasından Mayıs 2003’de toplanmış olan Tetranychus urticae Koch’nin BEŞ popülasyonuna amitraz ilacı ilaçlama kulesi–petri kabı yöntemi ile uygulanarak LC değerleri belirlenmiştir. BEŞ popülasyonu amitraz ile her seleksiyon popülasyonu için belirlenen $LC_{60}$ değerleriyle 15 kez seleksiyon yapılmıştır. Elde edilen dirençli popülasyon AMT 15 olarak isimlendirilmiştir. $LC_{50}$ değerlerine göre, 15 seleksiyon sonrasında bu popülasyonun hassas (GSS) popülasyona göre direnç oranı 32.02 kat olarak bulunmuştur. Dirençli AMT 15 popülasyonuna 3 farklı sinerjist, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) veya S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP) + amitraz uygulanmıştır. Amitraz ile en yüksek sinerjistik etkiyi PBO göstermiştir. Diğerlerinin sinerjistik etkisi sınırlı kalmıştır. AMT 15 popülasyonunun diğer bazı ilaçlara çoklu direnç geliştirip geliştirmediği de incelenmiştir. AMT popülasyonunda en yüksek çoklu direnç oranı abamectin (8.38 kat) ve propargite (6.37 kat)’e karşı belirlenmiştir. AMT 15 popülasyonunda yalnızca bifenthrin’e karşı hassasiyet belirlenmiştir. Resiprokal çaprazlama çalışmalarında AMT 15 popülasyonun direnç kalıtımının eksik dominant karakterli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mikroplate reader ile yapılan kinetik okumalarda AMT 15 popülasyonun da selekte edildikleri BEŞ popülasyonuna göre esteraz (2.19 kat), glutation S–transferase (GST) (1.07 kat) ve sitokrom P450 monooksigenaz (P450) (29.24 kat) enzim aktivitelerinde önemli miktarda artış belirlenmiştir.

Mechanisms of multiple resistance, inheritance, synergism and detoxification in Tetranychus urticae koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) resistant to amitraz

The LC values of Tetranychus urticae Koch BEŞ populations collected from Antalya province in bean greenhouse on May 2003 were determined using by spray tower – petri dish method. The BEŞ population was selected 15 times with amitraz by $LC_{60}$ values determined for each selected population. The resistant population was named as AMT 15. The resistance rate of this population after 15 selections was found 32.02 fold compared to the susceptible (GSS) population according to their $LC_{50}$ values. Different synergists, piperonyl butoxide (PBO), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and S-benzyl-O,O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate (IBP) + amitraz were applied to the AMT 15 resistant populations. PBO presented the highest synergistic effect with amitraz in AMT 15 population. The synergistic effects of the other synergists remained limited. Whether multi-resistance developed against some pesticides in the resistant AMT 15 population investigated. The highest multi-resistance rate in AMT population was found against abamectin (8.34 fold) and propargite (6.37 fold). The only susceptibility in AMT 15 population was determined to bifentrin. The reciprocal crossing investigations revealed the resistance inheritance as incompletely dominant. The kinetic readings with microplate reader pointed significant increases in esterase (2.19 fold), gluthation – S – transferase (GST) (1.07 fold) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) (29.24 fold), enzyme activities in AMT 15 population compared to the parental populations.

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