Thukydides’in Aktarımına Göre Atina Salgınının Gerçek Etkileri

Salgın hastalıklar tarihin her döneminde insanoğlunun karşılaştığı en önemli problemlerden biri olmuşlardır. Özellikle salgına yol açan patojenler konusunda az bilgiye sahip olunduğu dönemlerde hastalıklar çok sayıda kişinin yaşamına mal olmuş ve sonuçta toplumların siyasi, askeri ve sosyal yaşantısında derin tahribatlara yol açmışlardır. Peloponnesos Savaşı esnasında Atina’da ortaya çıkan salgının da benzer şekilde yerleşimin siyasi, askeri ve sosyal durumunu derinden etkilediği iddia edilmiştir. Bu durumun temel sebebi ise salgın hakkında temel kaynak olan Thukydides’in aktarımlarıdır. Zira pek çok araştırmacı herhangi bir eleştiriye tabi tutmadan Thukydides’in aktarımlarını doğru kabul etmiştir. Bununla beraber var olan bilgiler dikkatlice analiz edildiğinde salgının iddiaların aksine geniş ölçekli olmadığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Salgın, tifo, tifüs, veba, çiçek, Thukydides, Peloponnesos Savaşı, Atina, Sparta

The Real Effects Of The Athenese Epidemic According to the Narratives of Thukydides 89

The epidemics constitute one of the most significant problems that human being came across in every period of history. Especially, in the periods when they had less knowledge about the pathogens which led the epidemic the ailments consted the lives of large number of people and consequently led to profound harms in the political, militaric and social lives of societies. Similarly it was alleged that the epidemic which appeared in Athens during the Peloponnesian War affected the political, militaric and social circumstances of the settlement. The main reason of this allegation in the narratives of Thucydides which are the basic resources of the epidemic. Likewise, numerous researchers took the narratives of Thucydides as truth uncritically. Howeveri if the available are analyzed carefully, contrary to the allegations, it can be seen that the epidemic had no broad scale.

Keywords:

Epidemic typhoid, typhus, plague, smallpox, Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, Athens, Sparta, Pericles.,

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