Adnan BARUTÇU, Özlem ERKAN IŞIK, Ömer OKUYAN, Suna KIZILYILDIRIM

COVİD-19 PANDEMİ ÖNCESİ VE PANDEMİ DÖNEMİNDE ÇOCUK HASTALARDA İNFLUENZA TANISI VE KLİNİK BULGULARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Amaç İnfluenza önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Özellikle çocuklarda, kronik hastalıkları bulunan ve bağışıklığı baskılanmış kişilerde ciddi akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına sebep olurlar. Çalışmada çocuk hastalarda Covid-19 pandemi öncesi ve pandemi döneminde İnfluenza vakalarının sıklığı ve hastaların klinik bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmaya, 01.03.2019-11.03.2021 tarihleri arasında Atlas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Acil ve Genel Çocuk Poliklinikleri'ne başvuran ve İnflueanza tanısı alan 0-18 yaş arasındaki hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik özellikleri, yatış oranı, komplikasyonlar, pandemi öncesi ve pandemi dönemindeki sıklığı aylara göre dağılımı incelendi. Bulgular Olguların %55.6’sı (n=594) erkek, %44.4'ü (n=475) kız idi. Çalışma toplamda 1069 hasta ile tamamlandı. Çalışma sonucunda en fazla görülen semptomlar sırasıyla ateş (%96.5), öksürük (%51), halsizlik (%42) ve burun akıntısı (%30.8) idi. Hastaların %93.2’si Covid- 19 pandemi öncesi döneme aitti. İnfluenza virusunun Ocak ayında pik yaptığı ve Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde İnfluenza B tipinin daha sık görüldüğü saptandı. Sonuç Sonuç olarak, ilk Covid-19 vakasının görüldüğü tarihten itibaren alınan tedbirlerle İnfluenza’nın azaldığı görüldü.

DIAGNOSIS OF INFLUENZA AND EVALUATION OF CLINICAL FINDINGS IN CHILD PATIENTS BEFORE THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND DURING THE PANDEMIC PERIOD

Objective Influenza is an important public health problem. They cause severe acute respiratory tract infections, especially in children, people with chronic diseases and immunosuppressed individuals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of Influenza cases and the clinical findings of the patients before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the pandemic period. Material and Methods Patients aged 0-18 years, who applied to Atlas University Medical Faculty Pediatric Emergency and General Pediatric Polyclinics between 01.03.2019 and 11.03.2021 and were diagnosed with influenza, were included in the study. The clinical features of the patients, the rate of hospitalization, complications, the frequency before and during the pandemic, distribution by months were examined. Results 55.6% (n=594) of the cases were male and 44.4% (n=475) were female. The study was completed with a total of 1069 patients. As a result of the study, the most common symptoms were fever (96.5%), cough (51%), fatigue (42%) and nasal discharge (30.8%). 93.2% of the patients belonged to the pre-Covid-19 pandemic period. It was determined that influenza virus peaked in January and influenza B type was seen more frequently during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Conclusion As a result, it was seen that Influenza decreased with the measures taken since the first Covid-19 case was seen.

PDF

___

1. Antonova EN, Rycroft CE, Ambrose CS, Heikkinen T, Principi N. Burden of paediatric Influenza in Western Europe: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2012;12:968.
2. Lampejo T. Influenza and antiviral resistance: an overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020;13:1-8.
3. Alexander-Miller MA. Challenges for the Newborn Following Influenza Virus Infection and Prospects for an Effective Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020;11:568651.
4. Jung HE, He Lee HK. Host Protective Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12(5):504.
5. Shafik CF, Mohareb EW, Yassin AS, Amin MA, El Kholy A, El-Karaksy H, ve ark. Viral etiologies of lower respiratory tract infections among Egyptian children under five years of age. BMC Infect Dis2012;12:350-8.
6. Jung HE, He Lee HK. Host Protective Immune Responses against Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12(5):504.
7. Burk M, El-Kersh K, Saad M, Wiemken T, Ramirez J, Cavallazzi R. Viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev 2016;25:178-88.
8. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1708-20.
9. Cavallazzi R, Ramirez JA. Influenza and viral pneumonia. Clin Chest Med 2018;39:703-21.
10. Meşe S, Uyanik A, Ozakay A, Ozturk S, Badur S. Influenza surveillance in western Turkey in the era of quadrivalent vaccines: A 2003-2016 retrospective analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018;14:1899-908.
11. Yuki Kondo, Shinichi M, Ryo Yamashita, Takuya Ikeda. Coinfection with SARScov-2 and Influenza A virüs. BMJ Case Rep 2020;13(7): e236812.
12. World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza and COVİD-19 - similarities and differences. [cited 17 March 2020]. Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease- Covid-19-similarities-and-differences-with-Influenza.
13. Shuhei Azekawaa, Ho Namkoongb, Keiko Mitamurad, Yoshihiro Kawaokae, Fumitake Saitoa. Co-infection with SARS-cov-2 and Influenza A virüs. Idcases 2020;20:e00775.
14. Noh JY, Seong H, Yoon JG, Song JY, Cheong HJ, and Kim WJ. Social distancing against COVİD-19: implication for the control of Influenza . Journal of Korean medical science 2020;35(19).
15. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı: COVİD-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. https:// Covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66494/pandemi.html.
16. Akova M. COVİD-19 İnfluenza İlişkisi. Türk Tabipler Birliği COVİD- 19 Pandemisi Altıncı Ay Değerlendirme Raporu.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Similarities and differences between flu and COVİD-19. Retrieved From: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-Covid19.htm
18. Gültekingil A. Clinical Features of 2017-2018 Seasonal Influenza Infection: A Single-Center Experience. Cocuk Acil ve Yogun Bakım 2018;5(3):119.
19. Çiftçi E, Tuygun N, Özdemir H, Tezer H, Şensoy G, Devrim I, and Doğru Ü. Clinical and epidemiological features of Turkish children with 2009 pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) infection: experience from multiple tertiary paediatric centres in Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis 2011;43:923-9.
20. Blanton L, Alabi N, Mustaquim D, Taylor C, Kniss K, Kramer N, et al. Update: Influenza activity in the united states during the 2016–17 season and composition of the 2017–18 Influenza vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66(25);668-76
21. Tran D, Vaudry W, Moore D, Bettinger JA, Halperin SA, Scheifele, et al. Hospitalization for Influenza A Versus B. Pediatrics 2016;138.
22. Ahmed F, Zviedrite N, Uzicanin A. Effectiveness of workplace social distancing measures in reducing Influenza transmission: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018;18(1):518.
23. Cowling BJ, Ali ST, Ng TW, Tsang TK, Li JC, Fong MW, et al. Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and Influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study. Lancet Public Health 2020;5(5):e279-88.
24. Saunders-Hastings P, Reisman J, Krewski D. Assessing the state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of interventions to contain pandemic Influenza transmission: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. PLoS One 2016;11:e0168262.