A rare anatomical form of quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography

___

1. Simonds JP. Congenital malformations of the aortic and pulmonary valves. Am J Med Sci 1923;166:58495.

2. Robicsek F, Sanger PW, Daugherty HK, Montgomery CC. Congenital quadricuspid aortic valve with displacement of the left coronary orifice. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1969;23:288-290.

3. Sakamoto Y, Saitoh F, Ohnishi K, Kurosawa H, Takakura H. A case of quadricuspid aortic valve associated with mitral insufficiency. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1994;42:1235-7.

4. Kim HS, McBride RA, Titus JL. Quadricuspid aortic valve and single coronary ostium. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988;112:842-4.

5. LE Hurwitz, WC Roberts. Quadricuspid semilunar valve. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1973;31:623-626.

6. J Timperley, R Milner, AJ Marshall and TJ Gilbert. Quadricuspid aortic valves, Clin Cardiol 2002;12:548- 552.