Çocuk Cinsel İstismarını Önlemede Okul Temelli Cinsel İstismarı Önleme Programlarının Önemi

Çocukların sağlığını tüm boyutlarıyla olumsuz yönde etkileyen cinsel istismar, acil önleme stratejilerinin uygulanmasını gerektiren global bir sorundur. Bu derlemenin amacı çocuk cinsel istismarını önlemede okul öncesi dönemden itibaren uygulanmaya başlanması gereken okul temelli çocuk cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının önemini ortaya koymaktır. Okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programları, çocuklara cinsel istismar hakkında bilgi verme, potansiyel istismar olaylarından kaçınma ve kişisel güvenlik becerileri kazandırmaya odaklanır. Literatürde cinsel istismarın önlenmesinde okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının çocukların cinsel istismar ile ilgili kavramları ve kendini koruma becerileri konusundaki bilgilerini artırmadaki etkinliği kanıtlanmıştır. Ülkemizde uygulanmamasına karşın gelişmiş ülkelerde erken çocukluk döneminden başlayarak okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programları uygulanmakta ve çocukların cinsel istismara karşı uyanık, bilinçli ve donanımlı olmaları hedeflenmektedir. Bu programlar çoğunlukla Amerika, Kanada, İngiltere, İrlanda ve Avustralya’da deneysel çalışmalar ile değerlendirilmektedir. Son zamanlarda okul temelli programlar; Kore, Tayvan ve Çin’de değerlendirilmiştir. Okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının ortak temaları; bedeni tanıma, uygun ve uygun olmayan dokunmayı tanıma, iyi ve kötü sırlar arasındaki farkı öğrenme, sır saklamama, riskli durumlarda “hayır” diyebilme, ortamdan ayrılabilme ve olayı güven duyduğu birine anlatmadır. Çocuk istismarının önlenmesinde okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme programlarının etkinliği kanıtlanmasına rağmen Ülkemizde kullanılmadığı, bu alanda yapılan araştırmaların yetersiz olduğu ve hemşirelerin konuya ilişkin yapacakları araştırmaların sayısının ve niteliğinin artmasının önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cinsel istismarı önleme, okul temelli cinsel istismarı önleme eğitim programı, okul öncesi çocuk, okul öncesi eğitim, hemşire

The Importance of School-Based Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs in Preventing Child Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse, which negatively affects children's health in all dimensions, is a global problem that requires urgent prevention strategies. The purpose of this review is to reveal the importance of school-based child sexual abuse prevention programs, which should be implemented as of preschool age in preventing child sexual abuse. School-based sexual abuse prevention programs focus on providing children with information about sexual abuse, avoiding potential abuse and providing personal safety skills. In the literature, the effectiveness of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs in preventing sexual abuse has been proven in increasing children's knowledge about the concepts of sexual abuse and self-protection skills. Although not implemented in our country, school-based sexual abuse prevention programs are implemented in developed countries starting from early childhood, and children are aimed to be alert, conscious and equipped against sexual abuse. These programs are mostly evaluated with experimental studies in the USA, Canada, England, Ireland and Australia. Recently, school-based programs; It has been evaluated in Korea, Taiwan and China. Common themes of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs; Knowing the body, recognizing appropriate and inappropriate touch, learning the difference between good and bad secrets, not keeping secrets, being able to say "no" in risky situations, leaving the environment and telling the event to someone you trust. Although the effectiveness of school-based sexual abuse prevention programs in the prevention of child abuse has been proven, it was pointed out that they are not used in our country, the researches in this field are insufficient, and the importance of increasing the number and quality of research that nurses will do on the subject.

Keywords:

Sexual abuse prevention, school-based sexual abuse prevention education program, preschool child, preschool education, nurse,

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