Farklı Arap Lehçelerinde Önekler: Fasih Arapça İle Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma: Şimdiki ve Gelecek Zaman

Bu makalede, daha önceden dilbilimciler tarafından da ele alınan şimdiki devam eden zaman ile gelecek zaman ön eklerinin günümüzde kullanılan çeşitli Arapça lehçeleri ve Fasih Arapçadaki kullanımları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Bir başka ifadeyle bu çalışmada muzari fiillerin kullanımlarını belirleyen kurallar tespit edilmeye çalışılarak, Arapça lehçelerdeki günlük eylemler için üretilen muzari fiilleri fasih Arapça ile kıyaslanacak, aralarında tespit edilen benzerlik ve farklılıklara işaret edilecektir. Arapça lehçelerde şimdiki ve gelecek zamanı üretmek için ön ekler (prefixes) ve Muzâraat harfleri (aspectual marker) sistemi kullanılır ve her bir lehçe kendi ön ekleri ve zaman yapısına sahiptir. Farklı Arapça diyalektlerdeki ön ekler üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmışsa da, henüz bu çalışmaları karşılaştıran bir makale yoktur. Şimdiki ve gelecek zamanın ön ekleri zamanı belirlemedeki hayati rolünden dolayı çalışmaya konu olarak seçilmiştir. Bir başka ifadeyle ön ekler, muhatabın şimdiki ve gelecek zamanı fark edebilmesi için kullanılan işaretlerdir. Bu yüzden, anadili Arapça olmayanlara Arapça lehçelerin öğretiminin oldukça hızlı bir şekilde artmasından dolayı ortaya çıkan ihtiyaca cevap vermek adına bu konu ele alınıp incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arap Dili Lehçeleri, Biçimbilim, Önekler, Şimdiki Zaman, Gelecek Zaman, Toplumdilbilim, Karşılaştırmalı Dilbilim

Prefixes in Various Arabic Dialects in Comparison of Standard Arabic: Progressive and Future Tenses

This study compares the prefixes of present continuous and future tenses used in Standard Arabic with prefixes of progressive and future tenses used in various Arabic dialects that were previously studied by linguists. In other words, this research tries to describe the rules that determine using imperfect verbs to produce continuous and future actions in Arabic dialects and Standard Arabic to show similarities and differences among them. In Arabic dialects, to produce continuous and future tenses, prefixes and aspectual marker system are used, and each dialect has its own prefixes and tense structure. There are numerous studies that studied the prefixes in many Arabic dialects, but no study is devoted yet to compare between these prefixes. The prefixes of progressive and future tenses are chosen to be studied because of their essential role to determine the tense. In other words, they are the indicators for the listener to recognize the present continuous tense, and future tense. Therefore, this study is devoted to cover this field particularly because the teaching of Arabic dialects to non-native speakers of Arabic is spreading nowadays.

Keywords:

Arabic Dialects, Morphology, Prefixes, Progressive Tense, Future Tense, Sociolinguistics, Comparative Linguistics,

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