BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜNÜN ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: NORDİK-BALTIK SEKİZLİSİ (NB-8) İÇİN EKONOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Çevresel bozulma küresel bir sorun olarak tüm dünyayı ve canlıları etkilemekte ve post normal bilimin esaslarında da yer aldığı gibi herkesi ilgilendirmektedir. Çevresel bozulmanın önlenmesinde ve çevresel kalitenin iyileştirilmesinde basının özgür olmasının önemli bir işlevi bulunmaktadır. Özgür bir basın, çevresel farkındalığın artırılmasına katkıda bulunur ve çevresel konularda harekete geçilmesini sağlar. Bu çalışmada Nordik-Baltık Sekizlisi (NB-8) ülkelerinde basın özgürlüğünün çevresel bozulma üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda Nordik-Baltık Sekizlisi ülkelerine ait 2003-2018 dönemini kapsayan veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Basın özgürlüğü göstergesi olarak Reporters Without Borders tarafından yayınlanan Basın Özgürlüğü Endeksi, çevresel bozulma göstergesi olarak ise karbon emisyonu (kişi başına metrik ton) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmaya kişi başına düşen GSYİH, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, kentsel nüfusun toplam nüfus içindeki payı ve ticari açıklık oranı gibi kontrol değişkenleri dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz neticesinde Nordik-Baltık Sekizlisinde basın özgürlüğü endeks değeri arttıkça (basın özgürlüğü azaldıkça) çevresel bozulmanın arttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

basın özgürlüğü, çevresel bozulma, panel veri analizi, Nordik-Baltık Sekizlisi

THE IMPACT OF PRESS FREEDOM ON ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE NORDIC-BALTIC EIGHT (NB-8)

As stated in the principles of post-normal science, environmental degradation impacts the entire globe and all living things as a global problem concerning everyone. The freedom of press has a vital function in preventing environmental degradation and improving environmental quality. A free press contributes to raising environmental awareness and ensures that action is taken on environmental issues. It is aimed in this study to investigate the impacts of freedom of press on environmental degradation in the Nordic-Baltic Eight (NB-8) countries. Panel data analysis was conducted out in accordance with the stated purpose, using data covering the period 2003-2018 belonging to the Nordic-Baltic Eight countries. The Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders was used as an indicator of press freedom, and carbon emissions (metric tons per capita) were used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The study also included control variables such as GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption, the share of the urban population in the total population and the trade openness ratio. It has been found as a result of the analysis that as the press freedom index value increases (as press freedom decreases) in the Nordic-Baltic Eight, environmental degradation increases.

Keywords:

press freedom, environmental degradation, panel data analysis, Nordic-Baltic Eight,

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