ASKERİ REJİMLERİN TÜRÜ VE SONLANMA ŞEKİLLERİ

Ordunun güç kullanarak ya da tehditle bağımsız bir siyasal güç haline geldiği durum olarak tanımlanan pretoryenizm özellikle son iki yüzyılda siyasal, sosyal veya ekonomik istikrarsızlık yaşayan toplumlarda defalarca sahne almıştır. Bu dönemde ordunun sivil siyasal alanda kalış süresi veya söz konusu alana etki düzeyi; uluslararası faktörler, ordunun örgütsel özellikleri, liderlik, ülke içi toplumsal, siyasal, ekonomik şartlar gibi birçok etmene bağlı olarak değişmiştir. Siyasal alana müdahalesinde nispeten sınırlı amaçlara ve kalış sürelerine sahip olan askeri rejimler genel olarak muhafız rejimler olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Hükmedici rejimler ise müdahalelerinde siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik alana nüfuz etmek gibi geniş amaçlara sahip olduğu için siyasal iktidarı çok daha uzun süre elinde tutmayı amaç edinen rejimlerdir. Hükmedici askeri rejimler; karşı darbeyle, dış baskı yoluyla ya da meşruiyet kaybına uğrayarak siyasal iktidarı bırakmak zorunda kalmaktadırlar. Muhafız askeri rejimler ise; geri çekilmenin daha faydalı bir seçenek olduğunu düşünerek gönüllü olarak iktidarı sivillere devretmektedirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pretoryenizm, Askeri Rejim, Askeri Rejimlerin Geri Çekilmesi

TYPES OF MILITARY REGIMES AND PATHS BACK TO THE BARRACKS

Praetorianism, defined as the situation in which the army ruling as an independent political force by threat or force, has been witnessed especially in societies that experiencing political, social or economic instability in the last two centuries. During this period the duration of military regime or its level of influence on the political field depend on various factors such as international factors, organizational characteristics of the army, leadership, internal social, political, economic conditions. Military regimes, which have relatively limited objectives and execution periods generally referred as guardian regimes. On the other hand, ruler regimes aim to retain political power for a longer period of time because they have broad aims such as penetration into the political, social and economic sphere. Ruler military regimes are forced to give up political power through counter-coup, external pressure or loss of legitimacy. Guardian military regimes voluntarily delegate power to civilians, acknowledging that withdrawal is a more useful option.

Keywords:

Praetorianism, Military Regime, Military Withdrawals,

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