Bazı Yapraksı Liken Türlerinin Antifungal Potansiyellerinin ve Antioksidan Kapasitelerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışma yapraksı liken türleri olan Flavoparmelia caperata, Xanthoparmelia stenophylla ve Xanthoparmelia conspersa’nın antioksidan ve antifungal potansiyellerinin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu likenlerin bazı antifungal aktivitesi bazı patojenik mantarlara karşı antifungal aktivitesi disk difüzyon metodu ile araştırılmıştır. Likenlerin asetonitril ekstraktları Soksalet ekstraksiyonu ile elde edilmiştir. En yüksek antifungal aktivite (32 mm) F. caperata tarafından C. albicans’a karşı gözlenirken, en düşük antifungal aktivite (10 mm) X. stenophylla likeninden S. cerevisiae’ye karşı elde edilmiştir. CUPRAC deneyinde absorbans değerleri BHT>X. conspersa>F. caperata>X. stenophylla şeklinde sıralanmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, bu liken türlerinin yeni antifungal ve antioksidan bileşik geliştirmede potansiyel bir kaynak olabilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.
Evaluation of Antifungal Potentials and Antioxidant Capacities of Some Foliose Lichen Species
This work is aimed to assess of antioxidant and antifungal potential ofthe foliose lichen species: Flavoparmelia caperata, Xanthoparmelia stenophyllaand Xanthoparmelia conspersa. The antifungal activity of lichens were studiedagainst some pathogenic fungi by disc diffusion method. The acetonitrile extractsof these lichens were obtained with Soxhlet extraction. While F. caperataexhibited maximum antifungal activity (32 mm) against the C. albicans, theminimum antifungal activity (10 mm) was obtained from X. stenophylla lichenagainst S. cerevisiae. In CUPRAC assay, absorbance values was in order of BHT>X.conspersa>F. caperata>X. stenophylla. As a result of the study, it was concludedthat these lichen species may be a potential source for the development of newantifungal and antioxidant compounds.
___
- [1] Lin, K., Yeh, H., Lin, S., Yang, C., Tsai, H., Tsai, J.,
Chao, P. 2014. Antioxidant Activities of
Methanol Extracts from Selected Taiwanese
Herbaceous Plants. Journal of Food Nutrition
and Research, 2 (2014), 435-442.
- [2] Wu, T. W., Lee, C. C., Hsu, W. H., Hengel, M.,
Shibamoto, T. 2017. Antioxidant Activity of
Natural Plant Extracts from Mate (Ilex
paraguariensis), Lotus Plumule (Nelumbo
nucifera Gaertn.) and Rhubarb (Rheum
rhabarbarum L.) https:
//www.scitechnol.com/peerreview/
antioxidant-activity-of-natural-plantextracts-
from-mate-ilex-paraguariensis-lotusplumule-
nelumbo-nucifera-gaertn-and-rhubarbrhe-
OdpB.php ? article_ id=6259. (Erişim Tarihi:
15 Haziran 2017).
- [3] Aqil, F., Zahin, M., Ahmad, I., Khan, M., 2010.
Combating Fungal Infections, Problems and
Remedy. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 505
s.
- [4] Prince, L., Prabakaran, P. 2011. Antifungal
Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Plant
Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum falcatum.
Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 1
(2011), 84-87.
- [5] Millot, M., Girardot, M., Dutreix, L., Mambu, L.,
Imbert, C. 2017. Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm
Activities of Acetone Lichen Extracts against
Candida albicans, Molecules, 22(2017), 651-
662.
- [6] Crawford, S. D. 2015. Lichens Used in
Traditional Medicine. (In: B. Rankovic, Lichen
Secondary Metabolites. Bioactive Properties
and Pharmaceutical Potential). Springer
International Publishing, Switzerland, p. 202.
- [7] Kosanic, M., Rankovic, B., Stanojkovic, T. 2013.
Investigation of Selected Serbian Lichens for
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer
Properties. The Journal of Animal and Plant
Sciences, 23(2013), 1628- 1633.
- [8] Brodo, I.M., Sharnoff, S. D., Sharnoff, S. 2001.
Lichens of North America, Yale University Press,
London, 771 s.
- [9] Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher,
A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W., Wolseley, P. A.
2009. The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,
British Lichen Society, London, 2009, 1046 s.
- [10] Uphof, J. C. T. 1959. Dictionary of Economic
Plant, Hafner Press, New York, 266 s.
- [11] Rankovic, B. 2015. Lichen Secondary
Metabolites: Bioactive Properties and
Pharmaceutical Potential. Springer International
Publishing, Switzerland, p. 202.
- [12] Haq, M. U., Reshi, Z. A., Upreti, D. K., Sheikh, M. A.
2012. Lichen Wealth of Jamnu and Kashmir‐ A
Promosing Plant Source for Bioprospection. Life
Science Journal, 9(2012), 926‐929.
- [13] Kumar, S., Dhankhar, S., Arya, V. P., Yadav, S.,
Yadav, J. P. 2012. Antimicrobial Activity of
Salvodora oleoides Decne. Against Some Microorganisms. Journal of Medicinal Plants,
6(2012), 2754-2760.
- [14] Santhanam, J., Abd Ghani, F.N., Basri, D.F. 2014.
Antifungal Activity of Jasminum sambac against
Malessezia sp. and Non-Malessezia sp. Isolated
from Human Skin Samples.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jmy/2014/
359630/cta/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2017].
- [15] Uçan, F. 2008. DL-Limonenin Mayalar Üzerine
Antifungal Etkisi. http://library. cu. edu.tr
/tezler/6598.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2016).
- [16] Ertürk, Ö. 2006. Antibacterial and Antifungal
Activity of Ethanolic Extracts from Eleven Spice
Plants. Biologia Bratislava, 61 (2006), 275-278.
- [17] Özyürek, M., Bektaşoğlu, B., Güçlü, K., Apak, R.
2009. Measurement of Xanthine Oxidase
Inhibition Activity of Phenolics and Flavonoids
with a Modified Cupric Reducing Antioxidant
Capacity (CUPRAC) Method. Analytica Chimica
Acta, 636 (2009), 42-50.
- [18] Dharmadhikari, M., Jite, P.K., Chettiar, S., 2010.
Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of The Lichen
and Its Isolated Mycobiont Parmelinella
simplicior. Asian Journal of Experimental
Biological Sciences Supplement, 54-58.
- [19] Mitrovic, T., Stamenkovic, S., Cvetkovic, V., Tosic,
S., Stankovic, M., Radojevic, I., Stefanovic, O.,
Comic, L., Dacic, D., Curcic, M., Markovic, S. 2011.
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative
Activities of Five Lichen Species. International
Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12 (2011), 5428-
5448.
- [20] Srivastava, P., Logesh, A.R., Upreti, D.K., Dhole,
T.N., Srivastava, A. 2013. In Vitro Evaluation of
Some Indian Lichens Against Human Pathogenic
Bacteria. Mycosphere, 4(2013), 734‐743.
- [21] Halama, P., Haluwin, C.V. 2004. Antifungal
Activity of Lichen Extracts and Lichenic Acids.
Biocontrol, 49(2004), 95-107.
- [22] Tiwari, P., Rai, H., Upreti, D.K., Trivedi, S., Shukla,
P. 2011. Assestment of Antifungal Activity of
Some Himalayan Foliose Lichens Against Plant
Pathogenic Fungi. American Journal of Plant
Sciences, 2(2011), 841-846.
- [23] Piovani, M., Garbarino, J.A., Giannii, F.A.,
Correche, E.R., Feresin, G., Topia, A., Zacchino, S.,
Enriz, R.D. 2002. Evaluation of Antifungal and
Antibacterial Activities of Aromatic Metabolites
from Lichens. Boletin De La Sociedad Chilenade
Quimica, 47(2002), 235-240.
- [24] Cankılıç, M.Y., Sarıözlü, N.Y., Candan, M., Tay, T.
2017. Screening of Antibacterial,
Antituberculosis and Antifungal Effects of Lichen
Usnea florida and Its Thamnolic Acid
Constituents. Biomedical Research, 28(2017),
3108-3113.
- [25] Özyürek, M., Güçlü, K., Apak, R. 2011. The Main
and Modified CUPRAC Methods of Antioxidant
Measurement. TrAC Trends in Analytical
Chemistry, 30(2011), 652-664.
- [26] Stef, D., Iosif, G., Ioan, T. T., Stef, L., Pop, C.,
Harmanescu, M, Biron, R., Pet, E. 2010.
Evaluation of 33 Medicinal Plant Extracts for the
Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenols. Journal
of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 8(2010),
207-210.
- [27] Ganesan, A., Purushathaman, D.K., Muralitharan,
U., Subbaiyan R. 2017. Metabolite Profiling and
In Vitro Assessment of Antimicrobial and
Antioxidant Activities of Lichen Ramalina inflate.
International Research Journal of Pharmacy,
7(2017), 132-137.
- [28] Sundararaj, J.P., Kuppuraj, S., Ganesan, A.,
Ponnusamy, P., Nayaka, S. 2015. In Vitro
Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial
Activities of Different Solvent Extracts from
Lichen Ramalina nervulosa. International Journal
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
7(2015): 200-204.
- [29] Zlatonovic, I., Stankovic, M., Jovanovic, V.S., Mitic,
V., Zrnzevic, I., Dordevic, A., Stajanovic, G. 2017.
Biological Activities of Umbilicaria crustulosa
(Ach.) Frey Acetone Extract. Journal of The
Serbian Chemical Society, 82(2017), 141-150.