Bazı Fungisit ve Yaprak Gübrelerinin Turunçgil Yapraklarındaki Epifitik Fungus ve Maya Populasyonları Üzerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada, turunçgillerde yaygın kullanımı olan bazı fungisit (Bakır hidroksit, Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole, Iprodione, Mancozeb, Metiram ve Propineb) ve yaprak gübrelerinin (Çinko, Fosfor, Magnezyum, Mangan, Potasyum ve Üre) fillosfer mikoflorası üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan izolasyonlarda, çoğunlukla Cryptococcus spp. (Beyaz maya) ve Sporobolomyces spp. (Pembe maya), daha az oranda ise Cladosporium spp. ve Aureobasidium spp. elde edilmiştir. Mancozeb ve Bakır hidroksit, mikoflorayı en fazla etkileyen fungisitler olmuştur. Bunların uygulandığı dönemde fungal populasyon 50 kat civarında azalmıştır. Bu fungisitlerin etkisi, uygulandıktan sonra 6 ay devam etmiştir. Fungal populasyon üzerine Iprodione ve Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole’un önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Metiram ve Propineb’in etkileri ise uygulama kesildikten 2 ay sonra ortadan kalkmıştır. Yaprak gübreleri, başlangıçta fungal populasyonu olumsuz etkiliyor gibi görülse de tekrarlanan uygulamalarda mikofloranın artışına katkı sağlamıştır. Özellikle Çinko ve Fosfor içeren yaprak gübreleri Sporobolomyces spp.’nin populasyonunu önemli düzeyde arttırmıştır.

Effects of Some Fungicides and Foliar Fertilizers on Epiphytic Fungal and Yeast Population of Citrus Leaves

In this study, the effects of some commonly used fungicides (Copperhydroxide, Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole, Iprodione, Mancozeb, Metiram andPropineb) and foliar fertilizers (Zinc, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Manganese, Potassiumand Urea) were examined on phyllosphere microorganisms population on citrusleaves. As a results of the isolations from the leaves, mostly Cryptococcus spp. andSporobolomyces spp. And Cladosporium spp. and Aureobasidium spp. were obtained inless rates. Mancozeb and Copper hydroxide had the greatest impact on mycoflora.During the period of these fungicide applications, fungal population decreased byapproximately 50-fold. Effects of these fungicides continued up to 6 months afterapplication. Diphenoconazole+Propiconazole and Iprodione had no significant effecton the fungal population. Effect of Metiram and Propineb fungicides disappeared after2 months of applications. Although foliar fertilizers seemed to have a negative impacton fungal populations, repeated applications increased the mycoflora. Especially foliarfertilizers such as zinc and phosphorus remarkably increased Sporobolomyces species.

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