SABRİ BİLGİN, Çetin SÜMER, Serdar BEKTAŞ, Hasan Hüseyin SATILMIŞ, Recep BIRCAN

Karadeniz’de hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) popülasyon dinamiği üzerine yapılmış çalışmaların (1985-2015) balıkçılık yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışmada, hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus) üzerine 1985 yılından günümüze son 30 yılda yapılan popülasyon dinamiği çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş ve Karadeniz'de hamsi balıkçılık yönetim sisteminin oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmalarda sunulan av kompozisyonu, büyüme parametreleri, yaşlardaki ortalama boy değerleri, genel ortalama boy değerleri, ölüm oranları ve işletme oranları av sezonlarına ve beş yıllık periyotlara göre değerlendirilmiştir. Cinsi olgunluğa ulaşmamış sıfır yaşındaki bireylerin av içerisindeki oranı ortalama %27,4±3,6 (n = 26 çalışma) olup, bu oran 1985 - 1990 için %32,7±9,04 (n = 7 çalışma), 1990 - 1995 için %39,6±7,76 (n = 5 çalışma), 1995 - 2000 için %24,2±3,56 (n = 7 çalışma), 2000 - 2005 için %14,5±4,55 (n = 5 çalışma) ve 2005 - 2010 için ise %22,1±21,1 (n = 2 çalışma) şeklinde tespit edilmiştir. Sıfır yaşındaki bireylerin beş yıllık dönemlerdeki oranları arasındaki istatistiki fark önemsiz bulunmuştur (one-way ANOVA, P = 0,2256). von Bertalanffy büyüme denklemi (VBBD) parametrelerinden asimptotik boy (L?) değeri 14,1 - 23,5 cm arasında (ortalama: 17,0±0,38 cm), büyüme katsayısı (K) değeri ise 0,139 - 0,920 yıl-1 arasında (ortalama: 0,331 ±0,031 yıl-1) tespit edilmiştir. VBBD Lt = 17,0±0,4(1 - e-0,331±0,031(t+2,344±0,233) şeklinde (n = 26 çalışma) hesaplanmıştır. L? ve K değerleri arasında K = 1105,3L?-2,8958 (r2 = 0,6224, n = 26) şeklinde (P < 0,05), doğal ölüm oranı (M) ile K arasında ise M = 0,7171K0,3073 (r2 = 0,2982; n = 26) şeklinde (P < 0,05) bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Bu denklemlerin regresyon katsayıları istatistiki olarak sıfırdan farklı bulunmuştur (P < 0,05). Hamsinin, L? ve Lmaximum boy değerinin %60-70'lik oranına bir yaşındayken hızlı bir şekilde büyüyerek ulaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Hamsinin yıllık ölüm oranını (Z), balıkçılık ölüm oranının (F) forse ettiği ve işletme oranın (E) ise 1985 - 1990 döneminden 2000 - 2005 dönemine kadar sürekli bir artış gösterdiği ve optimum değerin üzerinde olduğu (E > 0,5; F > M) belirlenmiştir. Hamsi stokunun devamlılığı ve en yüksek ürünü elde etmek için yıllık av miktarı ve av çabasının kontrol altına alınması, hamsi stok belirleme çalışmaları neticesinde kota uygulamasına geçilmesi ve Karadeniz'de hamsi balıkçılık yönetim sisteminin oluşturulması önerilmiştir

Evaluation of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) population dynamics studies (1985-2015) in terms of fisheries management in the Black Sea

In this study, the result on population dynamics of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) were evaluated from the present to the past 30 years in the Black Sea and is intended to contribute to the creation of the Black Sea anchovy fishery management system. In studies presented catch composition, growth parameters, the average length values in ages, the mean length values in general, mortality rates and exploration rates were evaluated in the fishing seasons and five-years periods. 0 years of age composition of individuals not reached sexual maturity was estimated as 27.4 ± 3.6% (n = 26 studies), and this ratio was calculated as 32.7±9.04% for 1985 – 1990 period (n = 7 studies), 39.6±7.76% for 1990 – 1995 (n = 5 studies), 24.2±3.56% for 1995 – 2000 (n = 7 studies), 14.5±4.55% for 2000 – 2005 (n = 5 studies) and 22.1±21.1% for 2005 – 2010 (n = 2 studies). Zero-year-old age composition was not significantly difference in the five-years periods (one-way ANOVA; P > 0.05). The von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) parameters; asymptotic length (L∞) values were ranged between 14.1 – 23.5 cm (mean: 17.0±0.38 cm) and brody growth coefficient (K) values were ranged between 0.139 – 0920 year-1 (mean: 0.331 ±0.031 year-1). The VBGF was calculated as Lt = 17.0±0.4(1 – e-0.331±0.031(t+2.344±0.233) (n = 26 studies). A relationship between L∞ and K values was calculated as K = 1105.3L∞-2.8958 (r2 = 0.6224, n = 26). The relationship between natural mortality ratio (M) and K values was determined as M = 0.7171K0.3073 (r2 = 0.2982; n = 26). Regression coefficients of this equations were found to be statistically different from zero (P < 0.05). Anchovy grew quickly reach at 1 age of 60-70% in the value of L∞ and Lmaximum length values. The instantaneous mortality ratio (Z) of anchovy was designated by fishing mortality ratio (F). The exploration ratio (E) consistently show an increase from 1985 – 1990 period to 2000 – 2005 period and it was determined as above the optimum value (E > 0.5; F > M). It has been proposed the creation of the Black Sea anchovy fishery management system for sustainable anchovy fisheries in the Black sea

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