SPORCU VE SPORCU OLMAYAN ERKEK ÇOCUKLARDA OLGUNLAŞMAYA BAĞLI OLARAK ANAEROBİK PERFORMANS GELİŞİMİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Bu
araştırmanın amacı, 11-15 yaş arasındaki sporcu ve aktif spor yapmayan erkek
çocuklarda anaerobik performans düzeyinin farklı olgunluk evreleri ve düzenli
antrenman katılımına bağlı olarak incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya ortalama yaşları
12.96±1.43 yıl olan 75 sporcu (sporcu grup) ve 75 aktif spor yapmayan (kontrol
grup) toplam 150 erkek çocuk gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcu grup en az bir
yıl antrenman yaşına sahip, düzenli antrenman yapan takım sporcularından
(Hentbol n=27; Futbol n=26; Voleybol n=22), kontrol grubu ise, daha önce
düzenli antrenmana katılmamış erkek çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar ayrıca Tanner evrelerine göre
belirlenmiş beş farklı olgunluk düzeyi grubuna ayrılmışlardır. Vücut ağırlığı
ve boy uzunluğu ölçümleriyle birlikte, vücut yağ yüzdesi ve yağsız vücut
kütlesi uygun eşitliklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Anaerobik performans düzeyleri
Wingate Anaerobik Testi ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde İki Yönlü
Varyans Analizi (2x5) kullanılmış, ayrıca ilişki katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Vücut ağırlığı ve yağsız
vücut kütlesiyle kuvvetli pozitif ilişkili olan absolut anaerobik performans düzeyinin
olgunlaşmayla birlikte anlamlı ölçüde arttığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.01). Gerek vücut ağırlığı gerekse yağsız vücut
kütlesinden arındırılmış relatif anaerobik performans değerlerinin de ilerleyen
olgunluk evreleri ile birlikte anlamlı ölçüde artış gösterdiği tespit
edilmiştir (p<0.01). Sporcu grubuna ilişkin
absolut ve relatif anaerobik performans değerlerinin kontrol grubuna göre daha
yüksek olduğu ve faklılığın ilerleyen olgunluk evreleriyle birlikte bir miktar
belirginleştiği gözlenmiştir. Ancak, tüm değişkenler için olgunluk etkisi
(Tanner evreleri) ile antrenman etkisi (sporcu-kontrol grubu) arasındaki
etkileşim anlamsızdır (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak, vücut ağırlığı ve yağsız vücut
kütlesinden bağımsız olarak olgunlaşmayla birlikte anaerobik performanstaki
artışın sürmesi, gelişimle birlikte iskelet kasındaki olası fonksiyonel ve
metabolik değişimlerin de bu artışta etken olabileceğine işaret etmektedir
Anahtar Kelimeler:
olgunluk, anaerobik performans, antrenman
MATURITY RELATED VARIATION IN ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCE AMONG YOUNG MALE ATHLETES AND NONATHLETES
The
aim of the present study was to assess the influence of maturation and regular
sport participation on anaerobic performance variables of 11-to 15-year-old
young male athletes and non-athletes. One hundred fifty young male subjects
were voluntarily participated in this study. Trained boys (n=75), comprised of
27 Handball, 26 Soccer and 22 Volleyball players, had been training regularly
for at least one year. However, untrained boys (n=75) were not involved in any
systematic training program. Participants were also divided into five maturity
groups according to Tanner’s stages. Body mass and stature were determined. Percentage
of body fat and fat free mass were also calculated from the appropriate
equations. Anaerobic performance was evaluated with the Wingate Anaerobic Test.
Two-way Analysis of Variance (2x5) with Tukey’s-HSD was
used for statistical analysis. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also
computed. The results revealed that absolute anaerobic performance variables were
highly positively correlated with body mass and fat free mass, significantly
increase with maturation (p<0.01). Maturation
effect on anaerobic performance variables remained even when body mass and fat
free mass were factored out (p<0.01). The trained boys have
higher anaerobic performance values and relatively steeper increase with
maturation compared to untrained group. Finally, there were no
interaction effects between maturation and training groups on any of the variables. In
conclusion, variations in anaerobic performance levels are partly determined by
factors other than body mass or fat free mass. This finding may be due, in
part, to the maturation-related functional and metabolic changes in skeletal
muscle.
Keywords:
maturation, anaerobic performance, training,
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- Başlangıç: 2014
- Yayıncı: Ümit Doğan ÜSTÜN
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