Gözde ERSÖZ, Zişan ÇETİNKALP, Robert EKLUND

Kadın ve Erkek Sporcularda Başarı Hedeflerini Öngörmede Kendini Fiziksel Algılama ve Yaşam Doyumunun Rolü

Bu çalışmanın amacı kadın ve erkek sporcularda başarı hedefi yönelimini öngörmede kendine güven, genel fiziksel yeterlik, spor yeteneği ve yaşam doyumunun rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmaya farklı spor dallarından 820 sporcu (n erkek= 497; Xyaş= 21.77 +- 3.92 ve n kadın= 323; Xyaş=20.74 +- 3.78) katılmıştır. Katılımcıların kendine güven, genel fiziksel yeterlik, spor yeteneği düzeyini, yaşam doyumunu ve başarı hedeflerini belirlemek için sırasıyla Marsh Kendini Fiziksel Tanımlama Anketi, Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ve Sporda 2x2 Başarı Hedefleri Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Verilerin ortalama ve standart sapmaları belirlenmiş, cinsiyetler arasındaki farklılığı ortaya koymak amacıyla bağımsız gruplar için t testi hesaplanmıştır. Adımsal çoklu regresyon analizi kadın ve erkeklerin puanları için ayrı ayrı uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların spor yeteneği (p<0.01) ve yaşam doyumu (p<0.001) puanlarında cinsiyete göre farklılık görülmüştür. Kadın sporcularda genel fiziksel yeterlik algısı, ustalık-yaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Erkek sporcularda ise, ustalık-yaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile kendine güven ve spor yeteneği arasında pozitif (p<0.01); yaşam doyumu arasında negatif ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ustalık- kaçınma hedef yönelimi kadınlarda yaşam doyumu ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Buna karşın, erkeklerde ustalık-kaçınma hedef yönelimi, kendine güven ile negatif; genel fiziksel yeterlik algıları ile ise pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Spor yeteneği puanları hem kadınlarda hem de erkeklerde performansyaklaşma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Erkek ve kadınlarda performans-kaçınma hedefi alt ölçeği ile kendine güven negatif, spor yeteneği ise pozitif ilişki göstermiştir (p<0.05). Bunlara ek olarak erkeklerde genel fiziksel yeterlik, performans- kaçınma hedef yönelimi ile pozitif ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Özetle, bu çalışma sonunda sporcuların başarı hedeflerine yönelimlerinde yaşam doyumu ve kendini fiziksel algılamanın etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Başarı hedefi kuramı; Fiziksel benlik algısı; Yaşam doyumu

The Role of Male and Female Athletes’ Physical Self-Perceptions and Life Satisfaction in Predicting Their Achievement Goals

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of self-esteem, global physical selfconcept, sport competence and life satisfaction in the prediction of achievement goal orientations in female and male athletes. 820 athletes (n male= 497; Xage=21.77 +- 3.92 ve n female=323; Xage=20.74 +- 3.78) participated in this study. Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, The Satisfaction with Life Scale and 2x2 Achievement Goals Questıonnaire for Sport were used as the measure of self-esteem, global physical self-concept, sport competence, life satisfaction and goal orientation levels, respectively. Data are reported as means and standard deviations and independent samples t tests were calculated to compare the scores for the two gender. Then, multiple regression analyses with stepwise were applied separately to data of male and female athletes. Gender differences were observed in sport competence (p<0.01) and life satisfaction (p<0.001) of participants. Global physical self-concept was positive related to mastery-approach goal orientation in female athletes (p<0.01). Among the male, scores on mastery-approach goal orientation were positive associated with self-esteem and sport competence (p<0.01) and negative associated with life satisfaction (p<0.05). Mastery-avoidance goal orientation was positive related to life satisfaction in female athletes (p<0.01). In contrast, mastery-avoidance goal orientation was nagative associated with selfesteem and positive associated with global physical self-concept in male athletes (p<0.01). Scores on sport competence was positive associated with performance- approach goal orientation for both gender (p<0.01). Performance- avoidance goal orientation was negative associated with self-esteem and positive associated with sport competence in both female and male athletes (p<0.05). In addition, in male athletes, global physical self-concept was positive related to performanceavoidance goals (p<0.05). In summary, it is concluded that physical self-perceptions and life satisfaction are efficient to predict achievement goal orientations of athletes.

Keywords:

Achievement goal theory; Physical self-perception; Life satisfaction,

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