Aktif Statik Germe ve Farklı Dinlenme Aralıklarının İzokinetik Bacak Kuvveti Üzerine Etkisi

Sporcularda aktif statik germenin izokinetik bacak kuvveti üzerine akut etkisini ve bu etkinin germe sonrası dinlenmeye bağlı olarak değişimini araştırmaktır. Gazi Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesinden 19-23 yaş aralığında çeşitli branşlarda (22-futbol, 19-voleybol, 16-basketbol ve 4- atletizm) 23 erkek ve 38 kadın sporcu gönüllü olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Sağ taraf hamstring, kuadriseps ve dizin diğer kaslarına yönelik her biri altmış saniye süreli dört ayrı aktif statik germe egzersizi belirlendi.. Katılımcılara bu egzersizleri içeren dört farklı protokol [(a) ısınma, (b) ısınma + statik germe, (c) ısınma + statik germe + beş dakika dinlenme, (d) ısınma + statik germe + on beş dakika dinlenme] uygulandı ve her protokolden sonra İsomed 2000 izokinetik cihazı kullanılarak 60o/s açısal hızda hamstring ve kuadriseps izokinetik kuvveti ile hamstring/kuadriseps izokinetik kuvvet oranı H/K (R) değerleri kaydedildi. Analizler sonucunda a-b ve b-d ölçümleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar tespit edildi. Hem kadın hem erkek hem de toplam (T) analizlerde; (a) ya nazaran (b) ölçüm değerleri anlamlı olarak düşük (T; hamstring;a-b=+17.8 Nm, kuadriseps;a-b=+19.6 Nm) ve (b) ye nazaran (d) ölçüm değerleri anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (T; hamstring; b-d=-13.7 Nm, kuadriseps; b-d=-14.3 Nm). Diğer ölçümler arasında ve kuvvet oranlarında (H/K) anlamlı bir değişiklik bulunmadı (p<0,05). Bulgular ışığında akut statik germenin kasın izokinetik kuvveti üzerinde negatif bir etki yarattığı, bu nedenle müsabakalardan en az on beş dakika öncesinde statik germenin sonlandırılması veya aktif statik germenin hemen sonrasında maksimum kontraksiyon gerektirecek aktivitelerden uzak durulması önerilebilir. Öbür yandan farklı germe süreleri, farklı kas grupları ve farklı açısal hızlarda yapılacak ileri çalışmaların gerekliliği göz ardı edilmemelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dinlenme aralığı, germe, izokinetik

The Effect of Active Static Stretching and Different Rest Intervals on Isokinetic Leg Strength

The aim of the study is to investigate the acute effect of active static stretching on isokinetic leg strength and change of this effect depending on resting after stretching in athletes. 23 male and 38 female athletes from various branches (22-football, 19-volleyball, 16-basketball and 4-athletics) participated in the volunteer work at Gazi University Faculty of Sports Sciences between ages 19-23. Four separate active static stretching exercises for hamstring, quadriceps, and other muscles of right knee for sixty seconds each were identified. Participants were administered four different protocols involving the these exercises [(a) warming, (b) warming+static stretching, (c) warming+static stretching + five minutes rest, (d) warming + static stretching+fifteen minutes rest) then hamstring and quadriceps isokinetic strength and hamstring/quadriceps isokinetic strength ratio H/Q (R) values were recorded at 60o /sec angular velocity using the Isomed after each protocol. Statistically significant results were obtained between the a-b and b-d measurements as a result of the analyzes. In both male and female and total (T) analyzes; compared with (a), (b) measurement values were significantly lower (T; hamstring;a-b=+17.8 Nm, quadriceps;a-b = +19.6 Nm) and (d) measurement values were significantly higher when compared to (b) (T; hamstring;b-d=-13.7 Nm, quadriceps;b-d=-14.3 Nm).There were no significant differences between other measurements and power ratios (H/Q) (p<0.05). It is suggested that the acute static stretching has a negative effect on the isokinetic strength of the muscle by findings, so it is advisable to terminate the static stretching at least fifteen minutes before the competition or to avoid activities requiring maximum contraction immediately after active static stretching. On the other hand, different stretching times, different angular velocities and the need for new work to be done with different muscle groups should not be overlooked.

Keywords:

Rest interval, stretching, isokinetic,

PDF

___

1. Woolstenhulme, M. T., Griffiths, C. M., Woolstenhulme, E. M., & Parcell, A. C. Ballistic stretching increases flexibility and acute vertical jump height when combined with basketball activity. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2006;20(4), 799-803.
2. Siatras, T., Papadopoulos, G., Mameletzi, D., Gerodimos, V., & Kellis, S. Static and dynamic acute stretching effect on gymnasts' speed in vaulting. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2003;15(4), 383-391.
3. Ardıç, F. Egzersiz reçetesi. The Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014;60 (Special Issue2):1-8
4. Rodenburg, J. B., Steenbeek, D., Schiereck, P., & Bär, P. R. Warm-up, stretching and massage diminish harmful effects of eccentric exercise.International Journal of sports medicine, 1994;15(7), 414-419.
5. Sady, S. P., Wortman, M., & Blanke, D. Flexibility training: ballistic, static or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 1982;63(6), 261-263.
6. Shellock, F. G., Prentice, W. E. Warming-up and stretching for improved physical performance and prevention of sports-related injuries. Sports Medicine, 1985;2(4), 267-278
7. Smith, C. A. The warm-up procedure: to stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 1994;19(1), 12-17.
8. Rubini, E. C., Costa, A. L., and Gomes, P. S. The effects of stretching on strength performance. Sports medicine, 2007;37(3), 213-224.
9. Power, K., Behm, D., Cahill, F., Carroll, M., and Young, W. An acute bout of static stretching: effects on force and jumping performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004;(36), 1389-96.
10. Paoadopoulos, G., Siatras, T. H., and Kellis, S. The effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on the maximal isokinetic strength of the knee extensors and flexors. Isokinetics and exercise science, 2005;13(4), 285-291.
11. Sekir, U., Arabaci, R., Akova, B., and Kadagan, S. M. Acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on leg flexor and extensor isokinetic strength in elite women athletes. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2010;20(2), 268-281.
12. Siatras, T. A., Mittas, V. P., Mameletzi, D. N., and Vamvakoudis, E. A. The duration of the inhibitory effects with static stretching on quadriceps peak torque production. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008;22(1), 40-46.
13. Winke, M. R., Jones, N. B., Berger, C. G., & Yates, J. W. Moderate static stretching and torque production of the knee flexors. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2010;24(3), 706-710.
14. Shrier, I. Does stretching improve performance?: a systematic and critical review of the literature. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 2004;14(5), 267-27.
15. Unick, J., Kieffer, H. S., Cheesman, W., & Feeney, A. The acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump performance in trained women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2005;19(1), 206-212.
16. Nelson, A. G., Driscoll, N. M., Landin, D. K., Young, M. A., & Schexnayder, I. C. Acute effects of passive muscle stretching on sprint performance.Journal of sports sciences, 2005;23(5), 449-454.
17. Nelson, A.G., Kokkonen, J., Arnall, D.A. Acute muscle stretching inhibits maximal strength performance. Journal of Strength and Cond Res, 2005;19(2):338-43
18. Kay, A. D., Blazevich, A. J. Effect of acute static stretch on maximal muscle performance: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2012;44(1), 154-164
19. Cramer, J. T., Beck, T. W., Housh, T. J., Massey, L. L., Marek, S. M., Danglemeier, S., et al. Acute effects of static stretching on characteristics of the isokinetic angle–torque relationship, surface electromyography, and mechanomyography. Journal of sports sciences, 2007;25(6), 687-698.
20. McBride, J. M., Deane, R., & Nimphius, S. Effect of stretching on agonist–antagonist muscle activity and muscle force output during single and multiple joint isometric contractions. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2007;17(1), 54-60.
21. Young, W. B., Behm, D. G. Effects of joggingning, static stretching and practice jumps on explosive force production and jumping performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2003;43(1), 21-27.
22. Young, W., Elias, G., and Power, J. Effects of static stretching volume and intensity on plantar ﬂexor explosive force production and range of motion.Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2006;46, 3.
23. Brown, L.E., Whitehurst, M. The effect of short-term isokinetic training on force and rate of velocity development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2003;17(1), 88-94.
24. Chan, K. M., Maffulli, N., and Korkia, P. Principles and practice of isokinetics in sports medicine and rehabilitation (pp. 107-186). Hong Kong: Williams & Wilkins 1996.
25. Costa, P. B., Ryan, E. D., Herda, T. J., Walter, A. A., Defreitas, J. M., Stout, J. R., et al. Acute effects of static stretching on peak torque and the hamstrings‐to‐quadriceps conventional and functional ratios. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2013;23(1), 38-45.
26. Cramer, J. T., Housh, T. J., Johnson, G. O., Miller, J. M., Coburn, J. W., & Beck, T. W. Acute effects of static stretching on peak torque in women. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2004;18(2), 236-241
27. Saliba, L., Hrysomallis, C. Isokinetic strength related to jumping but not kicking performance of Australian footballers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2001;4(3), 336-347.
28. Zakas, A., Doganis, G., Papakonstandinou, V., Sentelidis, T., and Vamvakoudis, E. (). Acute effects of static stretching duration on isokinetic peak torque production of soccer players. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 2006;10(2), 89-95.
29. Fredericson, M., White, J. J., MacMahon, J. M., & Andriacchi, T. P. Quantitative analysis of the relative effectiveness of 3 iliotibial band stretches. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 2002;83(5), 589-592.
30. Nelson, A. G., & Kokkonen, J. Stretching anatomy (p. 147). Chicago: Human kinetics 2007.
31. Zakas, A., Doganis, G., Galazoulas, C., and Vamvakoudis, E. Effect of acute static stretching duration on isokinetic peak torque in pubescent soccer players. Pediatric Exercise Science, 2006;18(2), 252
32. Robbins, J. W., Scheuermann, B. W. Varying amounts of acute static stretching and its effect on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2008;22(3), 781-786
33. Açıkgöz, A., Gelen E., Saygın Ö., Karacabey K., Yıldız S. Acute Effects Of Warm-up Methods On Jump Performance In Athletes With Different Body Fat Percentages. 11th International Sports Science Congress 10-12 November 2010 Abstract Book. 100-102.
34. Ogura, Y., Miyahara Y., Naito H., Katamoto S., and Aoki J. Duration of static stretching influences muscle force production in hamstring muscles. Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research, 2007;21(3),788- 792.
35. Nelson, A. G., Guıllory, I. K., Cornwell, A., and Kokkonen, J. Inhibition of maximal voluntary isokinetic torque production following stretching is velocity-specific. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2001;15(2), 241-246
36. Barroso, R., Tricoli, V., dos Santos Gil, S., Ugrinowitsch, C., & Roschel, H. Maximal strength, number of repetitions, and total volume are differently affected by static-, ballistic-, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2012;26(9), 2432-2437.
37. Miyahara, Y., Naito, H., Ogura, Y., Katamoto, S., & Aoki, J. Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and static stretching on maximal voluntary contraction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2013;27(1), 195-201.
38. Bradley, Paul S., Peter D. Olsen, and Matthew D. Portas. The effect of static, ballistic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2007;21(1), 223-226