Avrupa Devlet Yardımı Kontrolünün Kapsamını Ölçmek: Avrupa Komisyonu Kararlarının Ekonometrik Bir Analizi

Bu makale, Avrupa Komisyonu (AK) tarafından 1998 ve 2009 yılları arasında onaylanan 550 farklı devlet yardımı vakasının verisini kullanarak AK kararlarının bir analizini sunmaktadır. Devlet yardımlarının süresinin, devlet yardımlarının toplam bütçesinin ve devlet yardımlarının günlük bütçesinin belirleyicileri ölçülmektedir. Bu üç vekil değişken kullanılarak, Avrupa devlet yardımı kontrolünün içeriğinin belirlenmesine çalışılmaktadır. Sonuçlar, birden fazla amacı olan devlet yardımlarının hem daha uzun sürdüğünü hem de daha yüksek bütçeli olduğunu göstermektedir. Belli amaçlar doğrultusunda verilen veya bazı endüstrilere verilen devlet yardımlarının ise hem daha yüksek bütçeli hem de daha uzun süreli olduğu görülmektedir. Öte yandan, arzu edilmeyen etkileri dengelemek adına, başka devlet yardımları için ise süre ve tutar arasında bir ödünleme olduğu bulunmuştur. Bulunan sonuçlar, bir zamanlar stratejik ticarete ve ihracat desteklere odaklanan Avrupa devlet yardımı kontrolünün, son zamanlarda dışsallıklar ve kamu mallarıyla alakalı olarak piyasa başarısızlıklarına daha çok vurguda bulunduğunu göstermektedir

Measuring the Extent of European State Aid Control: An Econometric Analysis of the European Commission Decisions

This paper provides an analysis of the European Commission (EC) decisions on state aid control using data on 550 state aid cases approved by the EC between 1998 and 2009. We measure the determinants of the duration of state aid, total budget of state aid and daily budget of state aid. By using these imperfect proxies, we try to identify the extent of European state aid control. Our results suggest that aid with multiple objectives to achieve has both longer durations and higher amounts of budget. We also find that for some aid objectives or industries, the EC approves cases of aid with both longer durations and higher levels of budget. On the other hand, for some class of aid objectives and industries, there is a trade-off between duration and the level of budget to counter-balance the undesired effects. The interpretation of the results implies that the European state aid control, which once was originally intended to address concerns about export subsidies and strategic trade, recently puts more emphasis on market failures mostly associated with externalities and public goods

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