ORTA ÇAĞ ORTA AVRASYA GÖÇEBELERİ ARASINDA DEĞİŞEN TÜRK KİMLİĞİ ALGILARI

Türk Kağanlığı ve Türk milleti kavramları 19. yüzyılın sonundan itibaren Avrasya'da Türkçe konuşan halklar arasında modern bir ulus inşası sürecinde kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Adın tarihsel önemine bugün Türkiye ülkesi, 1920'lerde Orta Asya'da bir Türk Cumhuriyeti planı ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra ortaya çıkan son dönem Kazak (Tatar) tarihçiliği örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Bu çalışma, Türk Kağanlığı döneminde (6-8. yüzyıllar) Türk kelimesinin ifade ettiği anlamlar üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Türk kelimesinin ilk anlamı, bir etnik topluluk veya milliyet yani genler modelinin kullanımıyla tanımlanan, yüzyıllarca istikrarlı bir siyasi çatı altında yer alan ve toplumun çoğunluğunun ortak bir köken, dil, gelenek ve hukuku paylaştığı bir göçebe kabile birliğidir. Türk adının ikinci kullanımı siyasidir. Türk Kağanı'nın gücüne tabi tüm halkları ifade eder. Türk Kağanlığı'nın yıkılmasından sonra, Avrasya bozkır tarihindeki siyasi istikrar eksikliği nedeniyle her iki anlam ortadan kalkmış ve Orta Çağ'dan itibaren etnik açıdan bir sürekliliğin bulunmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak, Türk kimliği, dil toplulukları, anonim bir kahraman üzerine ortaya çıkan İslami efsaneler ve yerleşik hayatın karşısında yer alan göçebe yaşam tarzı ile parçalar halinde hayatta kalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Orta Çağ Tarihi, Türk İmparatorluğu, Türk

Changıng Perceptıons Of Türk Identıty Among The Medıeval Nomads Of Central Eurasıa

The Türk Khaganate and the ethnonym Türk have been used in modern nation-building processes among the Turkic-speaking peoples of Eurasia since the end of the nineteenth century. The historical importance of the name is exemplified by the country of Turkey today, the plan for a Turkic Republic in Central Asia in the 1920s, and the latest Kazak (Tatar) historiography after the fall of the Soviet Union. The study focuses on the meanings of Türk in the period of the Türk Khaganate (6th–8th centuries). Its first denotation is for an ethnic community or nationality, that is, a nomadic tribal confederation defined by use of the model of gens, including a common origin, language, and traditions with centuries of a stable political framework and the majority of society sharing common law. The second aspect of the usage of the term Türk, being political, referred to all peoples subject to the power of the Türk Khagan. After the fall of the Türk Khaganate, both meanings faded away due to the lack of political stability in the history of the Eurasian steppe, revealing an absence of ethnic continuity from the Middle Ages. However, fragments of Türk identity may have survived in the forms of language community, the Islamic legend of descent from an eponymos hero, and a nomadic way of life opposed to the territorial principles of settled civilisations.

Keywords:

Medieval History, Turkish Empire, Turk,

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