OPTIMAL BOUNDARY CONTROL FOR A SECOND STRAIN GRADIENT THEORY-BASED BEAM MODEL

OPTIMAL BOUNDARY CONTROL FOR A SECOND STRAIN GRADIENT THEORY-BASED BEAM MODEL

The second strain gradient theory is a non-classical continuum theory that captures the behavior of micrometer and nanometer sized beam structures. Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli theories are classical beam models that neglect the effects of small size structures when compared to the second strain gradient theory-based beam model. In this study, an optimal boundary control problem is formulated for the second strain gradient theory-based beam model to control free vibrations in the system. A quadratic performance index expressing the dynamic response of the system is to be minimized while an affordable control is in use. An indirect method based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to derive a necessary condition analytically for optimal control. Then, the problem is transformed into a system of partial differential equations consisting of state and costate (adjoint) variables together. The solution of the control problem is carried out using the computer codes produced in MATLAB©. The effectiveness and competence of the introduced optimal boundary control are presented in numerical simulations.

___

  • [1] Yokoyama T., (1996) Vibration Analysis of Timoshenko Beam-Columns on Two-Parameter Elastic Foundations, Computers & Structures, 61, 6, 995-1007.
  • [2] Sun B., (2009) Optimal Control of Vibrations of an Elastic Beam, Ima Journal of Mathematical Control and Information, 26, 2, 151-162.
  • [3] Carrera E., Giunta G., and Petrolo M., (2011) Beam Structures: Classical and Advanced Theories. John Wiley & Sons, New Delhi, India.
  • [4] Timoshenko S. and Goodier J., (1951) Theory of Elasticity. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, U.S.A
  • [5] Van Rensburg N. F. J. and Van der Merwe A. J., (2006) Natural Frequencies and Modes of a Timoshenko Beam, Wave Equation, 44, 1, 58-69.
  • [6] Pedersen M., (1999) Functional Analysis in Applied Mathematics and Engineering, CRC Press, Florida, U.S.A.
  • [7] Asghari M., Momeni S. A., and Vatankhah R., (2017) The Second Strain Gradient Theory-Based Timoshenko Beam Model, Journal of Vibration and Control, 23, 13, 2155-2166.
  • [8] Mindlin R. D., (1964) Micro-structure in Linear Elasticity, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 16, 1, 51-78.
  • [9] Mindlin R. D., (1965) Second Gradient of Strain and Surface-Tension in Linear Elasticity, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1, 4, 417-438.
  • [10] Polyzos D. and Fotiadis D. I., (2012) Derivation of Mindlin’s First and Second Strain Gradient Elastic Theory via Simple Lattice and Continuum Models, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 49, 34, 470 - 480.
  • [11] Mindlin R. D., (1965) On the Equations of Elastic Materials with Micro-Structure, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 1, 1, 73-78.
  • [12] Wang B., Zhao J., and Zhou S., (2010) A Micro Scale Timoshenko Beam Model Based on Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory, European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 29, 4, 591-599.
  • [13] Ouakad H. M., El-Borgi S., Mousavi S. M., and Friswell M. I. (2018) Static and Dynamic Response of CNT Nanobeam using Nonlocal Strain and Velocity Gradient Theory, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 67, 207-222.
  • [14] Al-shujairi M. and Mollamahmutoğlu Ç., (2018) Dynamic Stability of Sandwich Functionally Graded Micro-beam Based on the Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory with Thermal Effect, Composite Structures, 201, 1018-1030.
  • [15] Ji X., Li A. Q. and Gao Q., (2018) The Comparison of Strain Gradient Effects for Each Component in Static and Dynamic Analyses of FGM Micro-Beams, Acta Mechanica, 229, 9, 3885-3899.
  • [16] Oskouie M. F., Ansari R. and Rouhi H., (2018) Stress-Driven Nonlocal and Strain Gradient Formulations of Timoshenko Nanobeams, The European Physical Journal Plus, 133, 8, 336.
  • [17] Shokravi M., (2018) Forced Vibration Response in Nanocomposite Cylindrical Shells-Based on Strain Gradient Beam Theory, Steel and Composite Structures, 28, 381-388.
  • [18] Sayyidmousavi A., Daneshmand F., Foroutan M., and Fawaz, Z., (2018) A New Meshfree Method for Modeling Strain Gradient Microbeams, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 40, 8, 384.
  • [19] Ghazavi M. R. and Molki H., (2018) Nonlinear Analysis of the Micro/Nanotube Conveying Fluid Based on Second Strain Gradient Theory, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 60, 77-93.
  • [20] Singh S. P., Pruthi H. S., and Agarwal V. P., (2003) Efficient Modal Control Strategies for Active Control of Vibrations, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 262, 3, 563-575.
  • [21] Grootenhuis P. (1970) The Control of Vibrations with Viscoelastic Materials, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 11, 4, 421-433.
  • [22] Kucuk I, Sadek I., Zeini E., and Adali S., (2011) Optimal Vibration Control of Piezolaminated Smart Beams by The Maximum Principle, Computers and Structures, 89, 744-749.
  • [23] Yildirim K., Korpeoglu S.G., and Kucuk I., (2017) Dynamics Response Control of a Mindlin-Type Beam, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 17, 3, 1750039-1-1750039-14.
  • [24] Cai G. P., Huang J. Z., and Yang S. X., (2003) An Optimal Control Method for Linear Systems with Time Delay, Computers and Structures, 81, 15, 1539-1546.
  • [25] Egorov A. I., (1967) Necessary Optimality Conditions for Distributed Parameter Systems, SIAM Journal on Control, 5, 352-408.
  • [26] Clarke F. H., (1976) Maximum Principle under Minimal Hypotheses, SIAM Journal on Control, 14, 60, 1078-1091.
  • [27] Sadek I., (1988) Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for The Optimal Control of Distributed Parameter Systems Subject to İntegral Constraints, Journal of the Franklin Institute, 325, 5, 565-583.
  • [28] Yan W., (2010) Static Response of Timoshenko Beams with Distributed Piezoelectric Actuators, International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering, MACE2010, 26-28 June 2010, Wuhan, China.
  • [29] Li X., Agarwal R. K., and Shue S. P., (1999) Active Control of Timoshenko Beam Vibrations Using Piezoelectric Material, 40th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit,1292.
  • [30] Preumont A., (2002) Vibration Control of Active Structures: An Introduction, Kluwer Academic Publisher, London, U.K.
  • [31] Capsoni A., Vigano G. M. and Bani-Hani K., (2013) On Damping Effects in Timoshenko Beams, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 73, 27-39.
  • [32] Morfidis K., (2010) Vibration of Timoshenko Beams on Three-Parameter Elastic Foundation, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 88, 5-6, 294-308
  • [33] Guliyev H. F. and Jabbarova K. S., (2010) The Exact Controllability Problem for the Second Order Linear Hyperbolic Equation, Differential Equations, and Control Processes, 3, 10-19.
  • [34] Barnes E. R., (1971) Necessary and Sufficient Optimality Conditions for a Class of Distributed Parameter Control Systems, SIAM Journal on Control, 9, 1, 62-82.
  • [35] Zachmanoglou E. C. and Thoe D. W., (1986) Introduction to Partial Differential Equations with Applications. Dover Publ., New York, U.S.A.
  • [36] Yildirim K. and Kucuk I., (2016). Active Piezoelectric Vibration Control for a Timoshenko Beam. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 353, 1, 95-107.
  • [37] Metrikine A. V., (2006) On Causality of the Gradient Elasticity Models, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 297, 3-5, 727-742.