Davoud BALARAK, Kethineni CHANDRIKA, Chinenye Adaobi IGWEGBE, Shahin AHMADI, Chinedu Josiah UMEMBAMALU

BIOSORPTION OF PHENOL USING MODIFIED BARLEY HUSK: STUDIES ON EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERM, KINETICS, AND THERMODYNAMICS OF INTERACTIONS

Phenol (PHEN) adsorption using hydrogen chloride (HCl) modified barley husk (MBH) was studied, in which the effects of MBH dose (0.5-4 g/L), initial pH (3-11), contact time (10-180 min), and initial PHEN concentration (10-100 mg/L) were investigated. The adsorbent material was prepared via the chemical activation method. The MBH morphological properties with the surface chemistry characteristics were studied through the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Xray Microanalysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and point of zero charge (pHpzc) analyses. The data was examined using the four common models of isotherm (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Temkin). The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and the intra-particle diffusion models were also used to examine the data. Thermodynamics parameters: free energy change (ΔGo), enthalpy change (ΔHo) and entropy change (ΔSo) were evaluated. MBH was highly efficient due to its high surface area (176.2 m2/g). Maximum removal of PHEN (93.95%) occurred at pH 3, MBH dose: 3 g/L, PHEN concentration: 10 mg/L, and contact time: 180 min at a constant temperature of 30 ± 2 ºC. The D-R isotherm and pseudo-second-order best represented the isotherm and kinetic data, respectively. The values of ΔGo (-0.056, -0.613, -1.431, -2.052, -2.941 and -3.731 kJ/mol), ΔHo (23.88 kJ/mol) and ΔSo (0.087 kJ/mol K) indicate a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. MBH, a low-cost adsorbent can be used effectively to remove PHEN from PHEN-containing water.

Keywords:

Phenol barley husk, adsorption, iotherms, thermodynamics, kinetics,

PDF

___

[1] Santos V.L., Monteiro A., Braga D., Santoro, M., (2009) Phenol degradation by Aureobasidium pollutants FE13 isolated from industrial effluents, Journal of Hazardous Materials 161:1413-1420.
[2] Zazouli M.A., Mahdavi Y., Bazrafshan E., (2014) Photodegradation potential of bisphenol from aqueous solution by Azolla Filiculoides, Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering 12(66).
[3] Senturk H.B., Ozdes D., Gundogdu A., Duran C., Soylak, M., (2009) Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite, Journal of Hazardous Materials 172:353-362.
[4] Kumar N.S., Subbaiah M.V., Reddy A.S., Krishnaiah A., (2009) Biosorption of phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions onto chitosan–abrus precatorius blended beads, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 84:972-981.
[5] Balarak D., (2016) Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics studies on bisphenol adsorption using barley husk, International Journal of ChemTech Research 9(5):681-90.
[6] Zhou Y., Lu P., Lu J., (2012) Application of natural biosorbent and modified peat for bisphenol a removal from aqueous solutions, Carbohydrate Polymers 88(2):502-508.
[7] Kamble S.P., Mangrulkar P.A., Bansiwal A.K., Rayalu S.S., (2008) Adsorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol on surface altered fly ash based molecular sieves, Chemical Engineering Journal 138:73-83.
[8] Xiao M., Zhou J., Tan Y., Zhang A., Xia Y., Ji L., (2006) Treatment of highly-concentrated phenol wastewater with an extractive membrane reactor using silicone rubber, Desalination 195:281-93.
[9] Ahmadi S., Igwegbe C.A., (2018) Adsorptive removal of phenol and aniline by modified bentonite: adsorption isotherm and kinetics study, Applied Water Science 8:170.
[10] Park J.S., Brown M.T., Hana T., (2012) Phenol toxicity to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna paucicostata”, Aquatic Toxicology 106-107:182–188.
[11] Rubín E., Rodríguez P., Herrero R., (2008) Biosorption of phenolic compounds by the brown alga Sargassum muticum, Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 81:1093-1099.
[12] Singh S, Melo J.S., Eapen S., D’Souza S.F., (2013) Phenol removal using Brassica juncea hairy roots: Role of inherent peroxidase and H2O2, Journal of Biotechnology 123:43-49.
[13] Balarak D., Mostafapour F.K., Le S.M, Jeon C., (2019) Adsorption of Bisphenol a using dried rice husk: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Applied Chemical Engineering 30(3):316-323.
[14] Diyanati R.A., Yazdani J., Balarak D., (2013) Effect of sorbitol on phenol removal rate by lemna minor, Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science 22(87):58-64.
[15] Kermani M., Pourmoghaddas H., Bina B., Khazaei Z., (2006) Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by rice husk ash and activated carbon, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9:1905-1910.
[16] Nadavala S.K., Swayampakula K., Boddu V.M., Abburi K., (2009) Biosorption of phenol and o-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on to chitosan-calcium alginate blended beads, Journal of Hazardous Materials 162:482-489.
[17] Khan M.Z., Kanti P., Sabira S.M., (2011) Bioremediation of 2-chlorophenol containing wastewater by aerobic granules-kinetics and toxicity, Journal of Hazardous Materials 19:222-8.
[18] Shen D., Fan J., Zhou W., Gao B., Yue Q., Kang Q., (2009) Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of anionic dyes onto organo-bentonite from single and multisolute systems, Journal of Hazardous Materials 172:99-107.
[19] Busca G., Berardinelli S., Resini C., Arrighi L., (2008) Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streams: A short review of recent developments, Journal of Hazardous Materials 160:265-288.
[20] Diyanati R.A., Yousefi Z., Cherati J,Y., (2013) Adsorption of phenol by modified azolla from aqueous solution, Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science 22(2):13-21.
[21] Din M., Bhatti H.N., Yasir M., Ashraf A., (2015) Direct dye biosorption by immobilized barley husk, Desalination Water Treatment 54; 45-53.
[22] Maleki A., Mahvi A.H., Zazouli M.A., Izanloo H., Barat A.H., Aqueous cadmium removal by adsorption on barley hull and barley hull ash, Asian Journal of Chemistry 23(3):1373-1376.
[23] Haq I., Bhatti H.N., Asgher M., (2011) Removal of solar red BA textile dye from aqueous solution by low cost MBH: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 89(3):593–600.
[24] Robinson T., Chandran B., Nigam P., (2002) Removal of dyes from an artificial textile dye effluent by two agricultural waste residues, corncob and barley husk, Environment International 28(1-2):29–33.
[25] Robinson T., Chandran B., Nigam P., (2002) Effect of pretreatments of three waste residues, wheat straw, corncobs and barley husks on dye adsorption, Bioresource Technology 85(2):119–124.
[26] Varghese S., Vinod V.P., (2004) Kinetic and equilibrium characterization of phenols adsorption onto a novel activated carbon in water treatment, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 11:825-833.
[27] Uddin M.T., Islam M.S., Adedin M.Z., (2007) Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by water hyacinth ash, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(2):94-99.
[28] Mahvi A.H., Maleki A., Eslami, A., (2004) Potential of rice husk and rice husk ash for phenol removal in aqueous systems, American Journal of Applied Sciences 14:321-326.
[29] Kennedy L.J., Vijaya J.J., Kayalvizhi K., Sekaran G., (2007) Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions using mesoporous carbon prepared by two-stage process, Chemical Engineering Journal 132:279-287.
[30] Kilic M., Apaydin-Varol E., Putin A.E., (2011) Adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from tobacco residues: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics, Journal of Hazardous Materials 189:397-403.
[31] Diyanati R.A., Yousefi Z., Cherati J.Y., (2014) The ability of azolla and lemna minor biomass for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions, Journal of Mazandaran University Medical Science 23:17-23.
[32] Kadhim F.A.S., Al-Seroury F.A., (2012) Characterization the removal of phenol from aqueous solution in fluidized bed column by rice husk adsorbent, Research Journal of Recent Sciences 1:145-151.
[33] Moyo M., Mutare E., Chigondo F., Nyamunda B.C., (2012) Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption on yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, International Journal of Recent Research and Applied Studies 11(3):486-495.
[34] Caetano M., Valderrama C., Farran A., Cortina J.L., (2009) Phenol removal from aqueous solution by adsorption and ion exchange mechanisms onto polymeric resins, Journal of Colloidal Interface Science 338: 402-409.
[35] Păcurariu C., Mihoc G., Popa A., Muntean S.G., Ianoş R., (2013) Adsorption of phenol and p-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions on poly functionalized materials, Chemical Engineering Journal 222: 218-227.
[36] Dursun G.U., Cicek H., Dursun A,Y., (2005) Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by using carbonised beet pulp”, Journal of Hazardous Materials 125:175-182.
[37] Tagreed L.A., (2011) Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by agriculture waste, Journal of Engineering & Technology 28(19):28- 35.
[38] Dakhil. I.H., (2013) Removal of phenol from industrial wastewater using sawdust, Research Inventy: International Journal of Engineering and Science 3(1):25-31.
[39] Igwegbe C.A., Mohmmadi L., Ahmadi S., Rahdar A., Khadkhodaiy D., Dehghani R., Rahdar S., (2019) Modeling of adsorption of Methylene blue dye on Ho-CaWO4 nanoparticles using Response surface methodology (RSM) and Artiﬁcial neural network (ANN) techniques, MethodsX 6:1779-1797.
[40] Yoshida S., Iwamura S., Ogino I., Mukai S.R., (2016) Adsorption of phenol in flow systems by a monolithic carbon cryogel with a micro honeycomb structure, Adsorption 22:1051–1058.
[41] Su J., Lin H.F., Wang Q,P., (2011) Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions by organo-montmorillonite, Desalination 269:163–169.
[42] Kuleyin A., (2007) Removal of phenol and 4-chlorophenol by surfactant-modified natural zeolite, Journal of Hazardous Materials 144:307–15.
[43] Baker H.M., Ghanem R., (2009) Evaluation of treated natural zeolite for the removal of o-chlorophenol from aqueous solution, Desalination, 249:1265–72.
[44] Wang S.L., Tzou Y.M., Lua Y.H., Sheng G., (2007) Removal of 3-chlorophenol from water using rice-straw-based carbon, Journal of Hazardous Materials 147:313–318.
[45] Balarak D., Joghataei A., (2016) Biosorption of phenol using dried rice husk biomass: Kinetic and equilibrium studies, Der Pharma Chemica 8(6):96-103.
[46] Ghadim E.E., Manouchehri F., Soleimani G., Hosseini H., Kimiagar S., Nafisi S., (2013) Adsorption properties of tetracycline onto graphene oxide: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, PLoS ONE 8(11):e79254.
[47] Igwegbe C.A., Onyechi P.C., Onukwuli O.D., (2015) Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic modelling on the adsorptive removal of malachite green on Dacryodes edulis seeds, Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 2:23-39.
[48] Igwegbe C.A., Rahdar S., Rahdar A., Mahvi A.H., Ahmadi S., Banach A.M., (2019) Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by nickel oxide nanoparticles: equilibrium and kinetic studies, Fluoride 52(4):569-579.
[49] Ahmadi S., Igwegbe C.A., Rahdar S., Asadi Z., (2019) The survey of application of the linear and nonlinear kinetic models for the adsorption of nickel (II) by modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Applied Water Sciences 9:98.
[50] Nayak P.S., Singh B.K., (2007) Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by sorption on low cost clay, Desalination 207:71–79.
[51] Mukherjee S., Kumar S.A., Misra K., Fan M., (2007) Removal of phenols from water environment by activated carbon, bagasse ash and wood charcoal, Chemical Engineering Journal 129:133–142.
[52] Ahmadi S., Rahdar A., Rahdar S. , Igwegbe C.A., (2019) Removal of Remazol Black B from aqueous solution using P-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: synthesis, physical characterization, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies, Desalination and Water Treatment 152:401–410.
[53] Radhika M., Palanivelu K., (2006) Adsorptive removal of chlorophenols from aqueous solution by low cost adsorbent-kinetics and isotherm analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials B138:116–124.
[54] Igwegbe C.A., Banach A.M., Ahmadi S., (2018) Adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 from aqueous environment on magnesium oxide nanoparticles: kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies, Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 5:111-121.
[55] Soni H., Padmaja P., (2014) Palm shell based activated carbon for removal of bisphenol A: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study, Journal of Porous Materials 21:275-284.
[56] Yu J., Zhao X., Yang, H., et al., (2014) Aqueous adsorption and removal of organic contaminants by carbon nanotubes, Science of the Total Environment 241-251.
[57] Igwegbe C.A., Al-Rawajfeh A.E., Al-Itawi H.I., Al-Qazaqi S., Hashish E.A., Al-Qatatsheh M., Sharadqah S., Sillanpaa M., (2019) Utilization of calcined gypsum in water and wastewater treatment: removal of phenol, Journal of Ecological Engineering 20(7):1–10.
[58] Zheng S., Sun Z., Park Y., et al., (2013) Removal of bisphenol A from wastewater by Camontmorillonite modified with selected surfactants, Chemical Engineering Journal 234:416-422.