2030 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Gündemi ve Engelliler: Güçlendirme Kavramı Çerçevesinde Bir Değerlendirme

Bu gün dünya genelinde bir milyardan fazla engelli bireyin bulunduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Engellilik yakın döneme kadar kişiye özel bir eksiklik, onarılması gereken tıbbi bir bozukluk olarak görülmüştür. Ancak günümüzde engelliliğin toplumsal etkenlerden kaynaklanan bir kısıtlılık hali olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Sosyal model olarak adlandırılan bu yaklaşım, engelliliği hak temelli bir anlayışla ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda engellilerin yüzleştiği sorunların asıl nedenin temel insani hakların kullanılamaması olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Dolayısıyla güçlendirme kavramına büyük önem atfedilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımın önemli özelliklerinden birisi de engellilerin kalkınmanın bir parçası olarak ele alınmasıdır. Günümüzde kalkınmanın bir süreç olduğu ve bu sürecin içerisinde sosyal, siyasal, kültürel, ekolojik vb. çok sayıda boyut bulunduğu kabul edilmektedir. İlk kez 1968 yılında Roma Kulübü tarafından dile getirilen bu görüş, Birleşmiş Milletlerce de kabul edilmiş ve özellikle 80’lerden sonra küresel ölçekte bir farkındalık yaratma çabası başlatılmıştır. Bu bağlamda atılan en son adım 2015 yılında kabul edilen Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri olmuştur. Hazırlanan belgede 2030 yılına kadar gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan, açlık ve yoksulluğu sona erdirmek, eşitsizlik ve adaletsizlikle mücadele, sağlıklı yaşamın güvenceye alınması gibi on yedi hedef belirlenmiştir. Bu on yedi hedeften beşinde engellilere özellikle atıfta bulunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada engellilerin güçlendirilmesi bağlamında, bu beş hedef değerlendirilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri içerisinde engellilere yapılan vurgu değerli bir kazanımdır. Ancak bu kazanımın somut politikalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada politika yapıcılara büyük sorumluluk düşmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Engellilik, Güçlendirme, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, Engelli Politikaları

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and People with Disabilities: An Evaluation within the frame of Concept of Empowerment

Today, it is estimated that there are more than one billion people with disabilities around the world. Until recently, disability has been seen as a personal deficiency and a medical disorder that needs to be repaired. But, today, it is accepted that disability is a situation of limitation caused by social factors. This approach, called the social model, handle the disability with a rights-based understanding. In this context, the non-exercise of basic human rights is acknowledged as the main cause of primary problems of faced people with disability. Therefore, great importance is attributed to the concept of empowerment. One of the important features of this approach is that disabled people are handled as a part of development. Today it is accepted that development is a process and there are a large number of dimensions in this process like social, political, cultural, ecologic and so on. This opinion, first expressed by the Club of Rome in 1968, was accepted by the United Nations also and especially after the 80s, an effort was started to create awareness on a global scale. The last step taken in this context was the Sustainable Development Goals accepted in 2015. In this document, seventeen goals which are planned to be realized by 2030, such as ending hunger and poverty, struggling inequality and injustice, and securing healthy living have been determined. In the five of these seventeen goals, specifically has been referred to people with disabilities. In this study, these five objectives were evaluated in the context of empowerment of people with disabilities. The emphasis on disabled people within the Sustainable Development Goals is a valuable achievement. However, this achievement needs to be supported by concrete policies. At this point, policy makers have great responsibility.

Keywords:

Disability, Empowerment, Sustainable Development, Disability Policies,

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