İşletme / Araştırma

Bu çalışma turizm ve otelcilik sektöründe girişimci özellikleri ve girişimcilik sürecini derinlemesine literatür tarama, günlük yaşamdan kesitler ve örnek uygulamalarla irdeleyen, turizm sektör çalışanlara başarılı yönetim uygulamaları için yön gösterici örnekler sunmaya çalışan bir kavramsal derlemedir. Çalışmada genel işletmecilikte yer alan girişimcilik sürecini aşamaları ve süreçte faaliyet gösteren girişimcilerin özelliklerini detaylı bir literatür taraması ile inceleyerek, literatürde üzerinde çok çalışılmamış olan turizm ve otel sektörüne özgü farklılıklara uygulayıcılara başarılı yönetim modelleri için temel sunmak amacıyla kıyaslamalı odaklanılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, turizm sektörü girişimcilik sürecinin kendine özgü özellikleri toplanmış ve sınıflanmış, daha verimli uygulamalar için homojen alt gruplamalar kümelenmiş ve sektörde bireysel ve grup olarak gerçekleştirilen girişimcilik süreçleri sonrasında orta çıkan yerel gastronomi turizmi, bölge özelindeki çekiciliklerle gerçekleştirilen yerel macera turizmi, sürdürülebilir bölgesel eko turizm paketleri, yerel karanlık turizm türleri, gönüllü turizm çeşitleri, yerel olay ve festivallere gibi yeni turizm türleri ve uygulamaları gelecek eğilimlerin belirlenmesinde yardımcı olmak amacıyla belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın orijinalliği ve literatüre katkısı turizm ve otelcilik sektöründe yer alan girişimcilik süreçlerinin özelliklerinin ve ortak noktalarının belirlenmesidir. Bunlar; yeni turizm ürünleri, etkin pazarlama, verimli iletişim, yaratıcı küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmelerde uygulamalar olarak yaratıcı bir şekilde sektörde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda: turizme özgü farklı girişimcilik uygulamalarının ve modellerinin karşılaştırmalı incelemesi sonucunda; bu sektörde uygulamada oldukça fazla miktarda KOBİ işletmesinin faaliyet yaptığı ve girişimcilik katılımının oldukça fazla rastlandığı ekonomik bir sektör olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda başarılı yönetimsel sonuçlar için girişimsel faaliyetlerin turizm sektörü girişimcilik süreci bir üretim şeklinden çok tüketim şekli olarak algılanması ve girişimcilik sürecinin turist davranışı, turist tercihleri ve sektör eğilimlerinden çok hızlı etkilenmesi huşularına özellikle dikkat gösterilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, turizm girişimcilerinin diğer girişimcilerin birincil motivasyonları olan kar maksimizasyonu ve finansal özgürlüğün önüne geçen hayat tarzı, hayat kalitesi seviyesi, yöresel yaşam koşulları gibi ekonomik olmayan pek çok motivasyona sahip olduğu görülmektedir

The Specific Characteristics of Entrepreneurship Process in Tourism Industry

This paper analyzes the entrepreneurship process in general businesses and focuses on the differences unique to tourism and hospitality industry in comparison which the related literate review is inefficient as is. Thus by focusing on these differences, the study tries to recognize and distinguish the specific characteristics of tourism and hospitality industry entrepreneurship process, thus tries further, to group them under sub categories of homogeneous characteristics for effective and efficient management applications. In order to forecast the future ones, the paper also covers the real entrepreneurial processes in hospitality and tourism industry whch lead to new tourism types and applications like: local gastronomy tourism, rural adventure tourism specific to local attractions, sustainable and regional eco-tourism packages, local dark tourism examples, volunteer tourism types and applications of specific local events, etc. The study is a conceptual paper composed of a comprehensive literature review with brief examples and real life example on the topic of entrepreneurship process in hospitality and tourism. Originality and value of the paper lies in the area of the entrepreneurship process in tourism and hospitality industry as a means for innovation of new tourism products, effective marketing, efficient communication and creative small and medium sized enterprises (SME) applications in the industry. It is understood that tourism is one of the economic sectors in which a great degree of entrepreneurship involvement is needed due to characteristics of the industry as; high (SME) proportion within, motive, goal and values, attitudes, strategies and business applications. Tourism industry entrepreneurs differ from other industries' entrepreneurs, and processes are accepted as a form of consumption rather than production. Also it is realized that the tourism entrepreneurship process is very vulnerable to rapid change in tourist behavior, tourist preferences and industry trends. Yet, it is also understood that tourism entrepreneurs seem to be highly motivated by life-style, quality of life (QOL) issues, locational preferences and other non-economic motives which are not common in general business entrepreneurs whose main motive seem to be profit maximization and financial independence

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