Mehmet MAHRAMANLIOĞLU, İRFAN KIZILCIKLI, Adem ÇINARLI

Bazik boyar maddelerin Ağaçlı kömürlerinden elde edilen aktif karbon üzerinde adsorpsiyonu

Basic Yellow ve Basic Blue’ nun aktif karbon üzerine adsorpsiyonu tekli ve ikili bileşenler halinde incelenerek adsorpsiyon hız sabitleri hesaplanmıştır. Denge değerleri Langmuir ve Freundlich eşitliği kullanılarak yorumlanmış ve bu izotermlerin sabitleri herbir boyarmadde için hesaplanmıştır. Giles sınıflandırma sistemine göre adsorpsiyon H tipi olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca adsorpsiyona sıcaklığın etkisi incelenmiş ve termodinamik parametreler hesaplanmıştır. Entalpi değişmesinin pozitif değeri adsorpsiyon prosesinin endotermik olduğunu göstermiştir. Serbest enerji değişiminin negatif değerleri adsorpsiyon prosesinin çalışılan sıcaklıklarda kendiliğinden olduğunu göstermiştir. Karışımlardan adsorbe edilen miktarın boyarmaddenin tek başına adsorbe olduğu durumdan daha az olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Kolon çalışmaları yapılmış ve herbir madde için diğer maddenin varlığında ve yokluğunda kolon kapasiteleri hesaplanmıştır.

Adsorption of basic dyestuffs on the activated carbon produced from Ağaçlı coal

The adsorption of basic yellow and basic blue on the activated carbon from single component and binary components was studied. The adsorption rate constants were calculated. The equilibrium results were interpreted by the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and constant of these isotherms were calculated for each dye. It was found that individual mass of dye adsorbed from the mixture has less than that of a single dye in solution. According to the Giles classification, the adsorption isotherm for both dyestuffs was of H type. The effect of temperature on the adsorption was examined and thermodynamics parameters were calculated. The positive value of enthalpy change indicated the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. Negative values of free energy change indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. In addition, column studies were performed and capacities of column for each solute in the absence and presence of other solute were calculated.

___

Ahmadpour, A. and Do D.D. 1996. The preparation of active carbons from coal by chemical and physical activation, Carbon, 34, 4, 471-479.

Aksu, Z., 2005. Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: a review, Proc. Biochem. 40, 997-1026.

Aksu, Z., Tezer, S., 2005. Biosorption of reactive dyes on the green alga Chlorella vulgaris, Proc. Biochem, 40, 1347-1361.

Allen, J.S., McKay, G., and Khader, K.Y.H., 1989. Equilibrium adsorption izoterms for basic dyes onto lignite, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 45, 291-302.

Allen, J.S., McKay, G., Porter, J.F., 2004. Adsorption isotherm models for basic dyes adsorption by peat in single and binary component systems, J. Colloid Inters. Sci., 280, 322-333.

Banat, I.M., Nigam, P., Singh, D., Marchant, R., 1996. Microbial decolorization of textile-dye-containing effluents: A review, Bioresource Technol., 58, 217-227.

Bhattacharyya, K.G., Sarma, A., 2003. Adsorption characteristics of the dye, Brilliant Green, on Neem leaf powder, Dyes Pigments, 57, 211-222.

Çınarlı, A., Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ. 2003. Adsorpsiyon prosesi kullanarak boyarmadde uzaklaştırılması, MBGAK Mühendislik Bilimleri, Genç Araştırmacılar Kongresi, 17-20 Şubat, 111, İstanbul.

Crini, G., 2006. Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal, Bioresource Technol., 97, 1061- 1085.

Delee, W., O’Neill, C., Hawkes, F.R., Pinheiro, H.M., 1998. Aneorobic treatment of textile effluents: A review, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 73, 323-335.

Fu, Y., Viraraghavan, T., 2001a. Fungal decolorization of dye wastewaters: A review, Bioresource Technol., 79, 251-262.

Giles, C.H., Mac Even ,T.H., Nakuwa S.N., and Smith, D., 1960 . Studies in Adsorption Part XI 4., J. Chem. Society 3973-3993.

Gonzales-Pradas E., Villafranca-Sanchez M., Gallego-Campo A., Urena-Amate D., Socias-Viciana M., 1997. Removal of 1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’ bipyridyl dichloride from aqueous solution by natural and activated bentonite, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 69, 173-178.

Gonzales-Pradas E., Villafranca-Sanchez M., Gallego-Campo A., Urena-Amate D., Fernandez-Perez M., 1999. Removal of linuron from water by natural and activated bentonite, J. Chem. Technol. Biot, 74, 49-54.

Gonzales-Pradas E., Villafranca-Sanchez M., Socias-Viciana M., Perez-Fernandez M., Urena-Amate D., 1999 a. Preliminary studies in removing atrazine, isoproturon and imidacloprid from water by natural sepiolite, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 69, 173-178.

Göktürk, S., Mahramanlioglu, M., Tunçay, M., 2000. Adsorption of ethyl acetate from aliphatic alcohols on activated charcoal, Southern Brazilian, J. Chemistry, 8, 9, 1-12.

Gupta, G.S., Prasad, G., Panday, K.K., Singh, V.N., 1988. Removal of chrome dye from aqueous solutions by fly ash, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 37, 13-24.

Gupta, G.S., Prasad, G., Singh, V.N., 1990. Removal of chrome dye from aqueous solutions by mixed adsorbents: Fly ash and coal, Water Res., 24, 1, 45-50.

Gupta, V.K., Sriastava, S.R. and Mohan, D., 1997. Equilibrium uptake, sorption dynamics, process optimization and column operations for the removal and recovery of Malachite Green from wastewater using activated carbon and activated slag, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2207-2218 .

Gupta, V.K., 1998. Equilibrium uptake, sorption dynamics, process development and column operations for the Removal of copper and nickel from aqueous solution and wastewater using activated slag, a low-cost adsorbent, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 37, 192-202.

Gülensoy, H., Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ., 1998. Doğal ve aktifleştirilmiş kömürler kullanarak triklorasetik asidin (TCA) sulu çözeltilerden uzaklaştırılması, Pamukkale Ünv. Müh. Bilimleri Dergisi, 4, 1-2, 585-588.

Hind, A.H., Ismadji, S., Wicaksana, F., Mudjijati and Indraswati, N., 2001. Adsorption of benzene and toluene from aqueous solution onto granuler activated carbon, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 46, 788-791.

İSKİ, Atık Suların Kanalizasyona Deşarj Yönetmeliği, 3009 sayılı Kanun ile değişik 20.11.1981 tarih, 2560 sayılı İSKİ Kuruluş Kanununa istinaden.

Kızılcıklı, I., Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Sezer, S., and Tuncay., M. 1999. Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by activated bentonite, Chimica Acta Turcica, 27, 1, 37-40.

Kızılcıklı, I and Mahramanlıoğlu, M., 2002. 2, 4-D adsorption by the adsorbents produced from contaminated soil, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 11, 2 b, 1098-1104.

Kio, W.G., 1992. Decoloring dye wastewater with Fenton’s Reagent., Water Res., 26, 886.

Lee, S.M., Davis, A.P., 2001. Removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by seafood processing waste sludge, Water Res., 35, 534-540.

Lin, C. and Liu H., 2000. Adsorption in a centrifuged field: Basic dye adsorption by activated carbon, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 39, 161-167.

Lin, S.H., 1993a. Adsorption of disperse dye by powdered activated carbon, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 57, 387-391.

Lin, S.H., 1993b. Adsorption of disperse dye by various adsorbents, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 58, 159-163.

Mahmood, F. and Qadeer, R., 1993. Activated charcoal- as an adsorbent, Science Technology and Development, 12, 1.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Gülensoy, H., Kızılcıklı, İ., 1998. Aktifleştirilmiş linyit kömürleri ile sulu çözeltilerden fenol’ün adsorpsiyonu, Pamukkale Ünv. Müh. Bilimleri Dergisi, 4, 1-2, 467-470.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ. and Biçer, İ.Ö., 2000. Nylomine blue removal from aqueous solutions by activated carbon, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences, 19-C, 2, 101-107.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ., Özgen Ö., 2001a. Linyit kömürlerinden elde edilen aktif kömür ile sulu çözeltilerden Cr(VI) uzaklaştırılması, Pamukkale Ünv. Müh. Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 3, 401-407.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ., Aroğuz, A.Z., 2001b. P-toluen sülfonik asidin ağaçlı kömürlerinden elde edilen aktif kömür İle adsorpsiyonu, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Dergisi, 2, 1-9.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ., Güçlü, K., 2002a. Cr(III) removal from aqueous solutions by adsorption, Pamukkale Ünv. Müh. Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 3, 387-393.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ., Çınarlı, A. and Özgen.Ö., 2002b. Removal of astrozon red from aqueous solutions by the adsorbent produced from lignite coal, Pamukkale Ünv. Müh. Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 1, 53-60.

Mahramanlioglu, M., Güçlü, K., 2003a. Removal of MCPA(4-Chloro-2Methylphenoxy-acetic acid) from aqueous solutions using adsorbent produced from elutrilithe, Energy Sources, 25, 1, 1-13.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., 2003b. Adsorption of uranium on the adsorbents produced from used tires, J. Radioanal. Nuc. Ch., 256, 1, 99-105.

Mahramanlıoğlu, M., Kızılcıklı, İ. and Biçer, İ.Ö. and Tuncay, M., 2003. Removal of MCPA from aqueous solutions by acid-activated spent bleaching earth, Journal Of Environmental Science And Health, B38, 6. 813-827.

Mahramanlıoglu, M., Güçlü, K., Çınarlı,A., 2004a. Aktif karbon ile boyarmadde ve boyarmadde karışımlarının adsorbsiyonu, 6. Ulusal Kimya Mühendisliği Kongresi, SKCT, 42.

Mahramanlıoglu, M., Güçlü, K., 2004b. Equilibrium, kinetic and mass transfer studies and coloumn operations for the removally arsenic (III) from aqueous solutions using acid treated spent bleaching earth, Environmental Technology, 25, 1067-1076.

McMullan, G., Meehan, C., Conneely, A., Kirby, N., Robinson, T., Nigam, P., Banat, I.M., Marchant, R., Smyth, W.F., 2001. Microbial decolorization and degradation of textile dyes, Appl. Microbiol. Biot., 56, 81-87.

Naim, M.M. and El Abd Y.M., 2002. Removal of recovery of dyestuffs from dyeing wastewaters, Seperation and Purification Methods, 31, 1, 171-228.

Namasivayam, C. and Yamuna, R.T., 1992a. Removal of congo red from aqueous solutions by biogas residual slurry, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 53, 153-7.

Namasivayam, C. And Yamuna, R.T., 1992b. Removal of Rhodamine-B by biogas waste slurry from aqueous solution, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 65, 101-9.

Namasivayam, C. And Yamuna R.T., 1995. Adsorption of direct red 12 B by biogas residual slurry: Equilibrium and rate processes, Environmental Pollution, 89, 1-7.

Nawar, S.S. and Doma, H.S., 1989. Removal of dyes from effluents using low cost agricultural by products, Sci. Total Environ., 79, 212-79.

Orumwense F.F.O., 1996. Removal of lead from water by adsorption on a kaolinitic clay, J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 65, 363-369.

Pearce, C.I., Lloyd, J.R., Guthrie, J. T., 2003. The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review, Dyes And Pigments, 58, 179-196.

Pokhrel, D., Viraraghavan, T., 2004. Treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater-a review, Sci. Total Environ., 333, 37-58.

Ravi Kumar, M.N.V., Sridhari, T. R., Bhavani, K.D., Dutta, P.K., 1998. Trends in color removal from textile mill effluents, Colorage, 40, 25-34.

Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R.,Nigam, P., 2001. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: A critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative, Bioresource Technol., 77, 247-255.

Singh, V.N., Mishra, G. & Pandey, K. K., 1984. Removal of Congo red by Wollastonite, Indian J. Technol., 22, 70-1.

Slokar, Y.M., Majcen Le Marechal, A., 1998. Methods of decoloration of textile wastewaters, Dyes Pigments, 37, 335-356.

Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete Tarih 31 Aralık Cuma 2004, Sayı, 25687.

Tan, W.T., Oui, S. T., Lee, C.K., 1993. Removal of Chromium(VI) from solution by coconuthusk and palm pressed fibres, J. Environ. Technol., 14, 277-282 .

Teng, L.T., Khor, E., Tan, T.K., Lim, L.Y., Tan, S.C., 2001. Concurrent production of chitin from shrimpshells and fungi, Carbohyd. Res., 332, 305-316.

Walker, G.M., Weatherley, L.R., 1998. Fixed bed adsorption of acid dyes onto activated carbon, Environmental Pollution, 99, 133-136.

Weber J.W., Mc Ginley P.M., Katz L.E., 1991. Sorption phenomena in subsurface systems: Concepts, models and effects on contaminant fate and transport, Water Res., 15, 499-528.

Yoshida, H., Yoshikawa, M., Kataoka, T., 1994. Parallel transport of BSA by surface and pore diffusion in strongly basic chitosan, AIChE, 40, 2034–2044.