PULMONER HASTALIKLARDA TELEREHABİLİTASYON

Akciğer hastalıkları, ülkelerin sağlık ve sosyal sistemlerine büyük bir yük getirmektedir. Bu hastalıklar morbidite ve mortalitenin en yaygın nedenleri arasında yer almaktadır. Kronik solunumsal hastalıklar dünya çapında ölüm nedeni olarak üçüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Kronik akciğer hastalığı olan kişilerde; fonksiyonel kapasiteyi sınırlayan nefes darlığı, egzersiz toleransı düşüklüğü, sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesinde bozulma, tekrarlı hastanede yatış ihtiyacı, anksiyete ve depresyon prevalansında artma görülür. Kronik akciğer hastalıklarının olumsuz sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri bireyler, aileler ve toplumlar tarafından büyük oranda hissedilmektedir ve gelecekte de bu etkilerin önemli ölçüde artacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyon, fonksiyonel kapasite, semptomlar ve yaşam kalitesi üzerinde klinik olarak önemli kazanımlar elde etmek için kanıtlanmış ve etkili bir stratejidir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyon, bireysel olarak uyarlanmış egzersiz programı, hastalığa özgü eğitim ve özyönetim becerilerini içermelidir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyonun yararına yönelik kanıtlar bulunmasına rağmen, çok az sayıda insan rehabilitasyon programına dahil olabilmektedir. Telerehabilitasyon gibi yeni pulmoner rehabilitasyon uygulama stratejileriyle, kronik akciğer hastalığı olan kişiler için merkez tabanlı programlara katılım engelleri azaltılırken, hizmetlere uygun ve eşit erişim sağlanır. Telerehabilitasyon modelleri egzersiz eğitimine ek olarak, öz-yönetim eğitimi, hastalık yönetimi ile ilgili eğitim, hasta değerlendirmesi, hedef belirleme, fizyolojik sinyallerin izlenmesi ve akran desteği gibi pulmoner rehabilitasyonun diğer bileşenlerini de içerebilir. Akciğer hastalığı olan kişilerde telerehabilitasyon, daha fazla insanın pulmoner rehabilitasyonun faydalarını deneyimlemesine olanak tanımaktadır. Daha büyük katılım sağlayabilmek için telerehabilitasyon modellerinde sürdürülebilir fonların dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Bu derleme, pulmoner hastalıkların tedavisinde telerehabilitasyonun önemi ve etkinliğini ilgili literatür ışığında incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Akciğer, , Pulmoner hastalıklar, , Pulmoner rehabilitasyon, , Telerehabilitasyon

TELEREHABILITATION IN PULMONARY DISEASES

Lung diseases bring a huge burden on the health and social systems of countries. These diseases are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. Chronic respiratory diseases take third place as the cause of death worldwide. People with chronic lung disease have dyspnea limiting the functional capacity, lower exercise tolerance, decrease in health-related quality of life, need for repeated hospitalization, higher prevalence of anxiety, and depression. The negative social and economic effects of chronic lung diseases are felt to a large extent by individuals, families, and communities, and these effects are expected to increase significantly in the future. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a proven and effective strategy to achieve clinically significant gains on functional capacity, symptoms and quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation should include an individually adapted exercise program, disease-specific training, and self-management skills. Although there is evidence for the benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation, very few people can be included in the rehabilitation program. With new pulmonary rehabilitation implementation strategies such as telerehabilitation, barriers to participation in center-based programs are reduced for people with chronic lung disease, while appropriate and equal access to services is provided. In addition to exercise training, telerehabilitation models may include other components of pulmonary rehabilitation, such as self-management training, disease management training, patient assessment, goal setting, monitoring of physiological signals, and peer support. Telerehabilitation allows more people to experience the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with lung disease to achieve greater participation, sustainable funds should be taken into consideration in telerehabilitation models. This review aims to examine the importance and effectiveness of telerehabilitation in the treatment of pulmonary diseases in the light of the relevant literature.

Keywords:

Lung, Pulmonary diseases, Pulmonary rehabilitation, Telerehabilitation,

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