Meltem KURUŞ, Kemal ERGİN, Rahmi ÇETİNKAYA

PLURİPOTENT KÖK HÜCRELERDEN SİNİR HÜCRELERİNE FARKLILAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ

İnsan embriyonik kök hücreleri, embriyoların erken blastokist evresindeki iç hücre kütlesinden türetilen hücrelerdir. Pluripotent özellikte olan bu hücreler, uygun koşullar altında fonksiyonel nöronlara ve farklı tipte sinir hücrelerine farklılaştırılabilmektedir. Ancak bu alandaki en büyük zorluklardan biri, yenilenebilir, kültürü kolay, nöral soylara bağlı nöral prekürsör hücre popülasyonu oluşturmaktır. Bu nedenle, insan embriyonik kök hücrelerini prekürsör hücrelere en uygun şekilde farklılaştırmak, bunların kendi kendini yenileyen bir popülasyon olarak devam etmesi ve farklı bölgelerdeki sinir hücre tiplerini saf bir popülasyon şeklinde üretmek için kritik öneme sahiptir. Hücre sinyalleri ve bunlarla ilişkili moleküller de bu olaylarda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Nöral prekürsör hücrelerinin üretilmesi için kök hücre biyolojisinin ve nöral hücrelere farklılaşmada rol oynayan önemli yolakların daha iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede kök hücrelerden nöral hücrelere farklılaştırma yöntemlerine ve bu süreçte önemli olan sinyal yolaklarına ve moleküllere odaklanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nöronal farklılaşma, Pluripotent kök hücre, Sinyal yolakları

METHODS OF DIFFERENTIATION FROM PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS TO NEURAL CELLS

Human embryonic stem cells are derived from inner cell mass of early stage blastocyst embryos. These cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into functional neurons and various nerve cells under appropriate conditions. However, one of the biggest challenges in this area is to establish a renewable, easy-to-culture, neural lineage-linked neural precursor cell population. Therefore, it is crucial to conveniently differentiate human embryonic stem cells into precursor cells, maintain them as a self-renewing population, and achieve nerve cell types from different regions as a pure population. Cell signals and their associated molecules also play an important role in these events. For the generation of neural precursor cells, a better understanding of stem cell biology and the important pathways involved in differentiation into neural cells is required. This review focuses on the differentiation methods from stem cells to neural cells and the important signaling pathways and molecules in this process.

Keywords:

Neuronal Differentiation, Pluripotent Stem Cell, Signaling pathways Nöronal farklılaşma, Pluripotent kök hücre, Sinyal yolakları,

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