I.Dünya Savaşı Öncesi Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu ve Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti’nin Oluşum Süreci (1870-1914)
Öz Avustralya topraklarında 1850’li yıllarda altın
madeninin bulunmasıyla, ekonomik düzeyi iyileşen Avustralya, 1868’de Büyük
Britanya’dan gelen son mahkûm yerleşimcileri kabul etmiştir. Bunun üzerine
Büyük Britanya, 1870 yılında Avustralya kolonisinden askerî birliklerinin büyük
bir kısmını geri çekmiştir. Böylece bağımsız olan Avustralya Eyaletleri, yerel
ve kendine has askerî yapısını oluşturmaya girişmiştir. Ancak Asya-Pasifik
bölgesinde Avustralya’nın, gerek Almanya ve Fransa gibi Avrupalı emperyalist güçlerin
gerekse Japonya ve Çin gibi Asya toplumlarından kaynaklı irrasyonel tehdit
algısı, tekrar Büyük Britanya askerî gücüne güvenlik gerekçesiyle ihtiyaç
duymasına neden olmuştur. Bu makalede, I.Dünya Savaşı öncesi (1870-1914)
Avustralya’nın askerî organizasyonunun ve İmparatorluk Kuvveti’nin oluşum
süreci incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda Avustralya’nın kısa tarihi ve Avustralya
jeopolitiğinin, Avustralya askerî organizasyona etkisi değerlendirilmiş ve
Avustralya’nın federasyon öncesi ve sonrası, Büyük Britanya etkisinde askerî
yapılanması, kurumsallaşması, değişim ve dönüşüm safhaları araştırılmıştır.
Ayrıca Avustralya siyasi elitizminin jeostratejik açıdan dış politikası
bağlamında, Avustralya askerî yapılanmasına tesirleri analiz edilmiştir.
Anahtar
Kelimeler: Avustralya
Tarihi, Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu, Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti, Büyük
Britanya, I.Dünya Savaşı.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Avustralya Tarihi, Avustralya Askerî Organizasyonu, Avustralya İmparatorluk Kuvveti, Büyük Britanya, I.Dünya Savaşı
Australian Military Organization and Formation process of Australian Imperial Force at Pre-World War I (1870-1914)
Abstract
After
gold mines were discovered in Australian lands in 1850, Australia, whose
economy made much progress with the gold mine discoveries, rejected convict
settlers who came from Great Britain in 1868. Thereupon, Great Britain
withdrawn a major part of its troops from Australia colony in 1870. So,
Australian states which became independent initiated to form its local and
idiosyncratic military system. On the other hand, irrational perception of
threat not only by Asian countries Japan and China but also by European
Imperialist Powers Germany and France in Asia-Pacific are a resulted in need
for military security by Great Britain. In this paper, formation processes of
Australian military organization at pre-World War I (1870-1914) and Imperial
Force are studied. In this context, a brief history of Australia and influence
of Australian geopolitics on Australian military organization are evaluated.
Construction, institutionalization, alteration and transformation processes of
Australian Military under the influence of Great Britain during the time of
both pre-federation and post-federation era are investigated. Also, impact of
Australian politics elitism on Australian Military System from geostrategic
perspective in the context of foreign policy is analyzed.
Keywords:
Australian History, Australian Military Organization, Australian Imperial Force, Great Britain, World War I,
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- Kaynakça
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- Resmi Yayın
- Kemp J. (1910), Light Horse Manuel (Australia), Government Printer, Melbourne.
- Gazeteler
- Braidwood Dispatch and Mining Journal, 19 Kasım 1910. Great Southern Leader, 27 Ocak 1911. Midlands Advertiser, 6 Ocak 1911. Barrier Miner, 24 Temmuz 1911. The Argus, 3 Ağustos 1914.
- ISSN: 1303-6831
- Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
- Başlangıç: 2002
- Yayıncı: Milli Savunma Üniversitesi Alparslan Savunma Bilimleri ve Millî Güvenlik Enstitüsü