Küratörün Söylemi̇ / Çağdaş Sanat Sergi̇leri̇nde Bi̇r Praksi̇s Analizi

Sanat dünyası 60’lı yıllarla birlikte, sadece çalıştıkları kurumun genel kabullerinin sınırları dahilinde kalmayan bağımsız küratörlük anlayışına ve bu küratörlerin gerçekleştirdiği alternatif sergilere tanıklık etmiştir. Özellikle 1990’larla hız kazanan bienaller, küratörün sanatçı, izleyici, ulusal, uluslararası, yerel ve evrensel bağlamda yeni bir arayüz geliştirmesine neden olmuş, bu da ‘yaratıcı küratör’ olgusunu ortaya atan, küratörlüğün pozisyonunu yeniden değerlendiren ve iş tanımını değiştiren bir deneyim alanı sunmuştur. Her küratörün sergiyi ele alış biçimi benzersizdir. Bu yöntemin olgunlaşmasındaki en önemli etkenlerden biri küratörün kültürel keşif yolculuklarıdır. Küratör, sergilerin organizasyonu sırasında kaynak desteği eksikliği ve kurumsal kısıtlamalar gibi bazı zorluklarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Ancak bu zorlukların aşılmasında risk yönetimi ve etkin karar verme gibi yönetsel beceriler son derece önemlidir. Bu araştırmada, küratörün dönüşümünün ardından günümüze kadar taşınan global sanat ağı içerisinde gelişen çağdaş küratöryal söylem ve söz konusu merkezi söylemin yapı taşlarını oluşturan ana unsurlar olan küratörün geldiği nokta, bağımsız küratör olarak amacı, müze gibi kurumlar dahilindeki çalışma sistemleri, mega sergiler kapsamındaki deneyim alanları ve mesleğin sınırlarına ilişkin ortaya atılan argümanlar gibi kimi sorular açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca, küratörün söylemini daha anlaşılır hale getiren, küratöryal, postküratöryal, paraküratöryal ve flâneur olarak küratör gibi kavramlar ele alınarak, çağdaş küratörün sergiyi ele alış şekli ve metodolojisi bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bu makalede, gözlem ve belgesel tarama yönteminin genel tarama türü uygulanmıştır. Buradan yola çıkarak, çağdaş küratöryal düşünce bağlamında küratörün çoklu ilişkiler ağı içerisindeki tartışmalı rolü ve görünürlüğü irdelenmiştir. Tüm bu saptamalar sonucunda, küratöryal praksisin, küratörü bir kültür üreticisine dönüştürdüğü ve küratörün çağdaş sanat dünyasının ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğu sonucuna varılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

küratör, sergi, sanatçı, bienal, müze, küratör, sergi, sanatçı, bienal, müze

THE DISCOURSE OF CURATORS/ A PRAXIS ANALYSIS IN CONTEMPORARY ART EXHIBITIONS

In the 1960s, the art world witnessed the concept of independent curatorship, which is not only within the limits of the general acceptance of the institution they work for but also alternative exhibitions carried out by these curators. The biennials, which gained momentum especially in the 1990s, caused curators to develop a new interface in terms of artists and audiences and in the context of national, international, local and universal aspects. This changes the description of the job offering a field of experience that introduces a phenomenon of the ‘creative curator’ and it causes re-evaluation of the position of curators. Therefore, the curators discussed here are contemporary art curators who are professionally autonomous from a certain job description, whose working profile has been updated and have an act within the body of new meanings attributed to them. On the other hand, contemporary art curators have an active role in the art world, but they are also in the centre of the main points of many chronic problems related to art. In the 1960s, the definition of curating of classical museology was out of question because a new curator emerged. While the concept of making independent exhibitions was within the national borders in the beginning, it started to be made international after the 1960s. New definitions such as “curators as designers” or “curators as critics” were attributed to the independent curators after this process. Each curator has a unique way of working and handling the exhibition. One of the most important factors in maturing this method is the curators’ journeys of cultural discovery. Curators may encounter some difficulties such as lack of support of resources and institutional constraints during the organisation of exhibitions. However, managerial skills such as risk management and effective decision-making are extremely important in overcoming these difficulties. Biennials are the organizations where curators may encounter these situations the most. In this research, the contemporary curatorial discourse that developed within the global art network that has been carried to the present day after curators’ transformation, the main elements that constitute the building blocks of this central discourse, the point of curators, their purpose as independent curators, the working systems within institutions such as museums, the areas of experience within the scope of mega exhibitions and some questions such as the arguments about the boundaries of the profession have been tried to be explained. Additionally, terms such as curatorial, postcuratorial, paracuratorial and curator as a flâneur, which make the curators’ discourse more comprehensible, are discussed, and contemporary curators’ approach to exhibitions and their methodology are examined as well. In this paper, general scanning type of observation and documentary screening method have been applied. From this point of view, contemporary curatorial thought is discussed and the controversial role and visibility of the curators in the network of multiple relationships are explored. As a result of all these determinations, it will be concluded that curatorial praxis transforms curators into culture producers and that curators are the integral part of the contemporary art world.

Keywords:

exhibition, artist, biennial, museum, curator, exhibition, artist, biennial, museum,

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