___

World plastics consumption long term, 1960-2020 from http://www.pardosmarketing. com/hot04.htm].

H.R.Valeria, L. Gutow, R.C. Thompson, M. Thiel, "Microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the methods used for identification and quantification," Environmentalscience&tec hnology, vol. 46(6), pp. 3060-3075, 2012.

Eunomia. (2016) Plastics in the Marine Environment, from http://www.eunomia.co.uk/reportstools/ plastics-in-the-marine-environment/

N.S. Başçınar, "Karides." Yunus Araştırma Bülteni, vol. 2004 (3), pp. 1-4, 2004.

E.Besseling, B. Wang, M. Lürling, A.A. Koelmans, “Nanoplasticaffectsgrowth of S. obliquusandreproduction of D. Magna,” Environmentalscience&technolog y, vol. 48,no. 20, pp. 12336-12343,2014.

C.G. Avio, S. Gorbi, M. Milan, M. Benedetti, D. Fattorini, G.d'Errico, F.Regoli, “Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels,”Environmental Pollution, vol. 198, pp. 211-222, 2015.

OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2, from https://www.oecdilibrary.org/environment/t est-no-202-daphnia-sp-acuteimmobilisation- test_9789264069947-en.

M.Cole, P. Lindeque, C.Halsband, T.S. Galloway, “Microplastics as contaminants in themarineenvironment: a review,” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 62, no.12, pp. 2588-2597, 2011.

R.C. Thompson, “Plastic debris in the marine environment: Consequences and solutions,”Marine Nature Conservation in Europe, vol. 193, pp. 107-115, 2006.

J.P.W. Desforges, M. Galbraith, P.S. Ross, “Ingestion of Microplastics by Zooplankton in the Northeast Pacific Ocean,”Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,vol. 69, pp. 320-330, 2015.

H. A.Leslie, M. J. M. Van Velzen, and A. D. Vethaak. "Microplasticsurvey of theDutchenvironment." Novel data set of microplastics in North Seasediments, treatedwastewatereffluentsandmarinebiota (2013).

A. Mathalon, P. Hill, “Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia,”Marine Pollution Bulletin,vol. 81, pp. 69-79, 2014.

L. Van Cauwenberghe, C.R. Janssen, “Microplastics in bivalves cultured for human consumption,”Environmental Pollution,vol. 193, pp. 65-70, 2014.

M.B. Phillips, “The Occurrence and Amount of Microplastics Ingested by Fishes in the Watersheds of the Gulf of Mexico,” M.Sc. thesis, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 2014.

M.C. Fossi, C. Panti, C. Guerranti, D. Coppola,M. Giannetti, L. Marsili, R.Minutoli, “Are baleen whales exposed to the threat of microplastics? A case study of the Mediterranean Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus),”Marine Pollution Bulletin,vol. 64, pp. 2374-2379, 2012.

M. Cole, P.Lindeque, E.Fileman, C.Halsband, R.Goodhead, J.Moger, T.S. Galloway, “Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton” Environmental Science &Technology, vol. 47, pp. 6646-6655, 2013.

N.M. Hall, K.L.E. Berry, L. Rintoul, M.O. Hoogenboom, “Microplastic ingestion by scleractinian corals” Marine Biology, vol. 162, pp. 725-732, 2015.

E.R. Graham, J.T. Thompson, “Deposit-and suspension-feeding sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) ingest plastic fragments” Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 368, pp. 22-29, 2009.

K.L. Kaposi, B. Mos, B.P. Kelaher, S.A. Dworjanyn, “Ingestion of microplastic has limited impact on a marine larva”, Environmental science & technology, vol. 48, pp. 1638-1645, 2014.

S.L. Wright, R.C. Thompson, T.S. Galloway, “The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review”, Environmental Pollution, vol. 178, pp. 483-492, 2013.

M. Cole, P. Lindeque, E. Fileman, C. Halsband, R. Goodhead, J. Moger, T.S. Galloway, “Microplastic ingestion by zooplankton” Environmental science & technology, vol. 47, pp. 6646-6655, 2013.

K.W. Lee, W.J. Shim, O.Y. Kwon, J.H. Kang, “Size-dependent effects of micro polystyrene particles in the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus”, Environmental Science &Technology, vol. 47, pp. 11278- 11283, 2013.

S.Y. Au, T.F. Bruce, W.C. Bridges, S.J. Klaine, “Responses of Hyalellaazteca to acute and chronic microplastic exposures”, Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry, vol. 34, pp. 2564-2572, 2015.

A. Wegner, E. Besseling, E.M. Foekema, P. Kamermans, A.A. Koelmans, “Effects of nanopolystyrene on the feeding behavior of the blue mussel ( Mytilus edulis L.)”, Environmental Toxicology And Chemistry, vol, 31, pp. 2490–2497, 2012.

N. von Moos, P. Burkhardt-Holm, A. Kohler, “Uptake and effects of microplastics on cells and tissue of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L. after an experimental exposure” Environmental science & technology, vol. 46, pp. 11327– 11335, 2012.

M. Oliveira, A. Ribeiro, K. Hylland, L. Guilhermino, “Single and combined effects of microplastics and pyrene on juveniles (0+ group) of the common goby Pomatoschistusmicrops (Teleostei, Gobiidae)”, Ecological Indicators. vol. 34, pp. 641-647, 2013.

C.M. Rochman, E. Hoh, T. Kurobe, S.J. Teh, “Ingested plastic transfers hazardous chemicals to fish and induces hepatic stress”, Scientific Reports, vol. 3, pp. 3263. 2013

C.G. Avio, S. Gorbi, M. Milan, M. Benedetti, D. Fattorini, G. d'Errico, F. Regoli, “Pollutants bioavailability and toxicological risk from microplastics to marine mussels”, Environmental Pollution. vol. 198, pp. 211-222, 2015.

E. Besseling, A. Wegner, E.M. Foekema, M.J. Van Den Heuvel-Greve, A.A. Koelmans, “Effects of microplastic on fitness and PCB bioaccumulation by the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.)”, Environmental science & Technology. vol. 47, pp. 593-600, 2012.

C.B. Jeong, E.J. Won, H.M. Kang, M.C. Lee, D.S. Hwang, U.K. Hwang, J.S. Lee, “Microplastic size-dependent toxicity, oxidative stress induction, and p-JNK and p- P38 activation in the monogonont rotifer (Brachionus koreanus)”, Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 50, pp. 8849- 8857, 2016.