Ermenistan’in Kafkasya’nin Siyasi Haritasinda Oluşumu Ve Karabağ Meselesi (1918-1921)

Şubat 1917 yılında Romanov Hanedanlığı tarafından yönetilen eski Rus İmparatorluğunun tüm halkları için yeni bir devrimci dönem başlamıştır. Rusya’da Çarlık yönetiminin devrilmesiyle beraber Şubat 1917 devrimi ulusal bağımsızlık hareketleri doğurmuş ve böylece “halkların hapishanesi” olan Rus İmparatorluğu darbe almıştır. Çarlık yönetiminin devrilmesi Güney Kafkasya’daki siyasi süreçlerin hızlanmasına sebep olmuştur. Devrim sonrasında Geçici Hükümetin ilk adımlarından bir tanesi Güney Kafkasya’nın yönetilmesi için özel bir kurum kurması olmuştur. 9 Mart’ta Özel Transkafkasya Komitesi (OZAKOM) bölgeyi yönetmek için kurulmuştur. Ekim 1917 devriminin gerçekleşmesi ise Rus İmparatorluğunun tebaası olan ulusların umutlarını arttırmıştır. Bu umutlar çoğunlukla Bolşeviklerin iktidara gelmelerinin ilk günlerinde yaptıkları beyanatlardan beslenmiştir. Bir barış fermanı ve Rusya’nın Halklarının Hakları Beyannamesi’nin yayınlanmasıyla uluslara eski imparatorluktan ayrılıp bağımsız cumhuriyetler kurmaları için garanti verilmesi öngörülmüştü. Ancak kısa bir süre sonra bu belgelerin propagandadan ibaret olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Rus Halk Komiserleri Sovyeti, Stepan Georgevich Shaumian’ı Azerbaycan’ın özerkliğine karşı mücadele etmesi amacıyla Kafkasya için Olağanüstü Elçi olarak atadığında, kendisine ayrıca Josef Stalin tarafından hazırlanmış, “Türk Ermenistan’ın” özerkliği üzerine olan 29 Aralık 1917 fermanını yürürlüğe koyma görevi de verilmiştir. Bu ferman, Rus ordusunun işgali altında olan “Türk Ermenistan’daki” Ermeni ulusunun tam bağımsızlığını ve egemenliğini tanımaktaydı. Fermanda yer alan diğer hususlar şu şekildeydi: Rus ordusunun bölgeden çekilmesinden sonra milislerin kurulmasıyla “Türk Ermenistan” nüfusunun ve mal ve mülklerinin korunması; “Türk Ermenistan’ından” göç eden Ermenilerin engellenmeden geri dönmeleri ve demokratik yollarla seçilmiş bir Ermeni ulusal milletvekilleri konseyinden oluşan geçişi bir yönetimin kurulması.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Dağlık Karabağ, Güney Kafkasya, Nahcivan, Şerur Dereleyez, Zangezür, Bakü, Moskova, Ermenistan, Azerbaycan, Gürcistan, Müttefik Güçleri (İtilaf Devletleri), Sovyet Rusya, Türkiye, Musavat hükümeti, Kafkasya Bürosu

Formation Of Armenia On The Political Map Of The Caucasus And Karabakh Issue (1918-1921)

A new revolutionary era in Russia started in February 1917 for all the peoples of the former Russian empire ruled by the Romanov dynasty. Along with the overthrow of the tsarist monarchy in Russia, the revolution of February 1917 was a blow to the Russian empire, spawning national liberation movements in that “prison of nations.” The overthrow of the monarchy sped up the political processes taking place in the South Caucasus. One of the first steps of the Provisional Government that was formed after the revolution was the creation of a special institution to govern the South Caucasus. On March 9, the Special Transcaucasian Committee (OZAKOM) was created to govern the region. When the revolution of October 1917 occurred, it raised the hopes of the nations that had been subjects of the Russian empire. These hopes for independence were for the most part nourished by the declarations made by the Bolsheviks in the early days of their coming to power. A peace decree and a Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia were to provide a guarantee that the nations of the former empire would be free to secede and create independent republics. However, quite soon it became clear that these documents were merely propaganda. When the Russian Soviet of People’s Commissars appointed Stepan Georgevich Shaumian as the Envoy Extraordinary for the Caucasus to fight against the autonomy of Azerbaijan, he was commissioned to carry out the decree of 29 December 1917, on the autonomy of “Turkish Armenia,” which had been prepared by Joseph Stalin. The decree recognized the full independence and sovereignty of the Armenian nation in “Turkish Armenia,” which had been occupied by the Russian army. Other items were the creation of militias to protect the population of “Turkish Armenia” and their property once the Russian army withdrew from the territory; the unimpeded repatriation of Armenians who had emigrated from “Turkish Armenia”; and the creation of a provisional administration of a democratically elected Armenian national deputies’ council.

Keywords:

Nagorno-Karabakh, South Caucasus, Nakhichevan, Sharur-Daralayaz, Zangezur, Baku, Moscow, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Allied Powers, Soviet Russia, Turkey, Musavat government, : Caucasian Bureau,

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ISSN: 1303-5304
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2002
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