TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNİN TURİST KABUL EDEN TOPLUMLARA ETKİSİ: ANTALYA VE ÇANAKKALE ÖRNEKLERİ

Turizm endüstrisi ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel bir olgudur. Bu makale başlıca iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde; turizm endüstrisinin turist kabul eden toplumlar üzerindeki ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkileri, alanyazın taranarak incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde; Antalya ve Çanakkale illerinde yaşayanlar ile yüz yüze alan araştırması yapılarak, turizmin yerel topluluk üzerindeki etkileri konusundaki görüşleri ve algıları ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır. Antalya, Türkiye’de en fazla turist ağırlayan ve herşey dahil sistemin yoğun olarak uygulandığı ildir. Çanakkale’de turizm yeni gelişmeye başlayan bir endüstridir ve hedef sektörlerden birisi olarak belirlenmiştir. Farklı özelliklerinden dolayı bu iller arasında karşılaştırma yapmak mümkündür. kullanılmıştır. Evrenin tam sayımı mümkün olmadığı ve evrende herkese ulaşma imkanı bulunmadığı için, örneklemede, ihtimalsiz örnekleme yöntemlerinden kolayda örnekleme tekniği tercih edilmiştir. Antalya ve Canakkale illerinde yaşayan halk ile 2013 yılında yüzyüze anket yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, Antalya ve Çanakkale’de yaşayan halkın algıları ve görüşleri arasında belirgin farklılıklar olduğu ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Bazı bulgular şu şekildedir: Turizmin gelişmesi insanların yabancı bir dil öğrenme ve yabancı kültürlerle aşina olma isteğini arttırmaktadır. Turizm yerel toplulukların sosyal yaşamını geliştirmekte ve kadınların işgücüne katılımına katkı sağlamaktadır. Turizm endüstrisi işsizlik probleminin çözümüne pozitif katkı sağlamaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Turizm Endüstrisi Turist Kabul Eden Toplumlar Turizmin Ekonomik Etkileri Turizmin Sosyo-külürel Etkileri Turizmin Çevresel Etkileri

IMPACT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY ON HOST COMMUNITIES: ANTALYA AND CANAKKALE CASES

Tourism industry is an economic, social, cultural, and environmental phenomenon. This article consists of mainly two parts: In the first part, economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts of tourism industry on host communities were examined in the light of literature. In the second part, a face to face survey was conducted with residents of Antalya and Canakkale provinces to reveal perceptions and attitudes of host communities about the impacts of tourism on the local community. Antalya is the most tourist receiving city in Turkey and all- inclusive system is implemented heavily. In Canakkale, tourism is a newly developing industry, and identified as one of the target sectors. It is possible to make comparison between these provinces due to their different characteristics. Quantitative research method was used. In sampling convenience sample technic from non-probability sample types was applied because of difficulties to count and reach the whole population. A face to face survey was conducted with residents of Antalya and Canakkale provinces in 2013. At the end of the survey, it was revealed that there are significant differences between perception and attitudes of local people who live in Antalya and Canakkale. Some findings are as below: The development of tourism increases the desire of people to learn a foreign language and to become acquainted with foreign cultures. Tourism improves social life of host communities, and contributes women in participating to labor force. The tourism industry provides a positive contribution to the solution of unemployment problem

Keywords:

Tourism Industry Host Communities Economic Impacts of Tourism Sociocultural Impacts of Tourism Environmental Impacts of Tourism,

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