YÜKSELTİDE SPOR VE FİZYOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

Günümüzde milyonlarca insan farklı amaçlar doğrultusunda yükseltiye çıkmaktadırlar. Rekreasyonel faaliyetler, yüksek irtifa tırmanışları ve sportif performansı artırmak bu amaçlardan bazılarıdır. Yüksek irtifanın organizma üzerinde ki etkilerine yönelik çalışmalara 1878 yılında başlanılmış ise de, yüksek irtifa konusu 1968 yılında yapılan Mexico olimpiyatları ile sporda en önemli konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Yüksek irtifanın en belirgin etkilerini belirlemek için 1964 Tokyo olimpiyatlarını 1968 Mexico olimpiyatları ile karşılaştırmak doğru bir yaklaşımdır. Yükseklik arttıkça yerçekiminin etkisi azalmakta ve yükseklikte yer çekiminin azalması anaerobik kapasite ile yapılan spor branşlarında avantaj sağlarken, aerobik sporlar için dezavantaj teşkil etmektedir. Günümüzde dağcılık, tırmanış ve havacılık gibi sporlara artan ilginin yanında, havacılık ve uzay ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmaların artması, insan organizmasının yüksek irtifalardaki tepki ve uyumlarını incelemek daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Ayrıca spora yönelik hazırlanma süreçlerinde, vücudun dayanıklılık performansı için oksijen taşınma ve tüketiminin arttırılmasının önemi nedeniyle, yüksek irtifadaki antrenmanların deniz seviyesindeki yarışmalar öncesi kullanılması yönünde de ciddi eğilimler oluşmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise spor fizyolojinin daha özel bir konusu olan yükseltide spor ve fizyolojik etkilerini incelemek amacıyla ele alınmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Spor, İrtifa, Fizyolojik

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