Yakın Arkadaşlık İlişkisinde Minnettarlık Eğiliminin Bilişsel, Duygusal ve Davranışsal Göstergeleri: Türkiye Örneği

Bu araştırmanın amacı en yakın arkadaşın yardım davranışları ile ilgili değer, bedel ve içtenlik algısının, en yakın arkadaşa hissedilen minnettarlık duygusunun ve genel olarak minnettarlık dışavurum düzeyinin, cinsiyete ve minnettarlık eğilimine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını incelemektir. Bir diğer amaç ise en yakın arkadaşla ilişki bağlamında hangi durumlarda minnettar hissedildiğini ve bu duygu sonrasında verilen tepkileri belirlemektir. Araştırmaya 230’u kadın ve 176’sı erkek olmak üzere toplam 406 kişi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara Yenilenmiş Minnettarlık, Memnuniyet ve Takdir Ölçeği, Minnettarlık Dışavurum Ölçeği, Minnettarlığın Bilişsel Değerlendirimi Formu, Minnettarlık Sıfat Listesi ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılardan en yakın arkadaşlarına minnettar hissettikleri bir olay örneğini ve minnettarlıklarını nasıl dışavurduklarını yazmaları için açık uçlu birer soru sorulmuştur. Çok Değişkenli Kovaryans Analizi (MANCOVA) bulgularına göre, minnettarlık eğilimi yüksek olanların (a) en yakın arkadaşlarının yardım davranışlarının değeri, bedeli ve içtenliğine yönelik algıları (b) en yakın arkadaşlarına yönelik minnettarlık hisleri ve (c) minnettarlık dışavurum düzeyleri minnettarlık eğilimi düşük olanlara kıyasla daha yüksektir. Ek olarak, kadınların minnettarlık dışavurum düzeyleri erkeklere kıyasla daha yüksektir. İçerik analizi bulgularına göre, katılımcılar kendilerini en çok, arkadaşlarının sağladığı psikolojik destek, maddi destek ve sağlık desteği sonrasında minnettar hissetmekte; minnettarlıklarını ise sözel dışavurum, sözel olmayan dışavurum veya öteki odaklı dışavurum tarzı ile ifade etmektedirler. Literatürle paralel olarak bu çalışma sonucunda minnettarlık eğilimi yüksek olan kişilerin en yakın arkadaşlarının yaptığı davranışların daha çok farkında oldukları ve bunları arkadaşlarının bir katkısı şeklinde algılayarak minnettarlık hissettikleri görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Minnettarlık eğilimi, minnettarlık duygusu, minnettarlık dışavurumu, arkadaşlık ilişkisi, yakın ilişkiler

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