Ayşegül Güner Algan, Gül Şendil

13084

Okul Öncesi Çocuklar ve Ebeveynlerinin Bağlanma Güvenlikleri İle Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkiler

Bu çalışmanın amacı çocukların bağlanma gü- venliği, ebeveynlerin bağlanma güvenliği ve çocuk yetiştirme tutumları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın amaçları doğrultusunda, 4-6 yaş aralığında 65 çocuk ile çalışılmış ve çocuklara “Oyuncak Öykü Tamamlama Testi” uygulanmıştır. Çocukların ebeveynlerine ise Yakın İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri ve Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, çocukların bağ- lanma güvenliği ve ebeveynlerin bağlanma güvenliği arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunamamıştır. Benzer şekilde ebeveynlerin çocuk yetiştirme tutumları ile çocukların toplam bağlanma güvenliği puanları arasında ilişkilere rastlanmamıştır. Bununla birlikte öyküler ayrı ayrı incelendiğinde, demokratik tutum ile çocuklardaki yüksek bağlanma puanları, izin verici ve aşırı koruyucu tutum ile düşük bağlanma puanları arasında ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ebeveynlerin bağ- lanma kaygı ve kaçınma puanlarına bakıldığında, annenin kaçınma puanı ve demokratik tutum arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu sonuç doğ- rultusunda annelerin daha düşük kaçınma puanına sahip oldukça demokratik tutumu benimsedikleri söylenebilir. Babanın kaygısının tutum ile olan iliş- kisi incelendiğinde, kaygı ile aşırı koruyucu tutum arasında olumlu yönde ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna göre yüksek düzeyde kaygıya sahip babalar aşırı koruyucu tutumu benimsemektedirler. Sonuç olarak ebeveynlerin bağlanma güvenliklerinin çocuk yetiştirme tutumları ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar daha önceki çalışmalarla tutarlıdır
Anahtar Kelimeler:

Okul Öncesi Çocuklarında Bağlanma Güvenliği, Ebeveyn Bağlanması, Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları.

The Relations Among Parents’ And Preschool Children’s Attachment Security And Child Rearing Attitudes

The aim of this study is to investigate the relations among preschool children attachment security, their parents’ attachment security and child rearing attitudes.In accordance with these aims, 65 children, ages between 4-6, were participated and completed the doll play semi-structural interview named Doll Family Story Completion Test-TR (DFSCT-TR). In addition, Parents Attitude Scale (PAS) and Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) were given to the parents of the children. Results of the study indicated that there was no relationship between children’s and their parent’s attachment security. In the literature, like the present study, a few number of studies also found no relationship between these two aspects. Similar to the first result, no relationship was found between children’s attachment security and their parent’s child rearing attitude. However, when the stories in DFSCT-TR were examined separately, a significant relationship between democratic attitude and high scores in children’s attachment points was found. In addition, a significant relationship was found between permissive, overprotective attitude and low scores in children’s attachment points. When the relationship between mothers’ avoidance points and democratic attitude was examined, a negative relationship was found. This result shows that when mothers have lower scores on avoidance, they adopt democratic attitude. When the relationship between fathers’ anxiety points and parental attitudes was examined, a positive relationship was found between fathers’ anxiety and overprotective attitude. The fathers who have higher scores in anxiety adopt overprotective attitude. In sum, a significant relationship was found between parents’ attachment security and child rearing attitudes. This finding is coherent with the previous findings.
Keywords:

Preschool Children’s Attachment Security, Parents’ Attachment, Child Rearing Attitudes.,

PDF

___

  • Adam, E. K., Gunnar, M. R., & Tanaka, A., (2004). Adult Attachment, Parent Emotion and Observed Parenting Behavior: Mediator and Moderator Models: Child Development, 75(1), 110-122.
  • Ainsworth, D. S. M., (1989). Attachments Beyond Infancy: American Psychologist, 4(44), 709-7
  • Baumrind, D., (1966). Effects of Authoritative Parental Control on Child Behavior: Child Development, 37(4), 887-907.
  • Baumrind, D., & Black, E. A., (1967). Socialization Practices Associated with Dimensions of Competence in Preschool Boys and Girls: Child Development.
  • Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M., (1991). Attachment Styles Among Young Adults: A Test of a Four-Category Model: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-2
  • Benoit, D., & Parker, C.H.P., (1994). Stability and Transmission of Attachment across Three Generations: Child Development, 65, 144414
  • Bowlby, J., (1975). Attachment and loss: V.2. Seperation, Anxiety and Anger. Pelican Books.
  • Bowlby, J., (1980). Attachment and Loss: V.3. Loss, Sadness and Depression. Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J., (1982). Attachment and loss: V.1. Attachment. Second Edition, New York: Basic Books.
  • Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R., (1998). Self-Report Measurement of Adult Attachment: An Integrative Overview: in J. A. Simpson and W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships, New York: Guilford Press, 46-76.
  • Bretherton, İ., (1990). Communication Patterns, Internal Working Models and the Intergenerational Transmission of Attachment Relationship: Infant Mental Health Journal, 11/3, 237-2
  • Bretherton, İ., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J., (1990). Assessing İnternal Working Models of the Attachment Relationship: An Attachment Story Copmletion Task for 3-Year-Olds: in T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings, Attachment in Preschool Years. 273308, Chichago University of Chichago Press.
  • Caldera, Y. M., & Hart S., (2004). Exposure to
  • Chil Care, Parenting Style and Attachment Security: Infant and child Development, 13, 21Cohn, D. A., Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P., & Pearson, J., (1992). Mother’s and Father’s Working Models of Childhood Attachment Relationships, Parenting Styles and Child Behavior: Development and Psychopathology, 4, 417-431.
  • Colletti, C. J.M., Wolfe-Christensen, C., Carpentier, Y. M., Page, C. M., MCnall-Knapp, R.Y., H. Meyer, W., Chaney, J. M., Mullins, L. L., (2008). The Relationship of Parental Overprotection, Perceived Vulnerability, and Parenting Stress to Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Adjustment in Children With Cancer: Pediatr Blood Cancer, 51, 269–274. Coyl, D. D., Newland, L. A., & Freeman, H., (2010). Predicting Preschoolers’ Attachment Security from Parenting Behaviours, Parents’ Attachment Relationships and Their Use of Social Support: Early Child Development and Care, 180(4), 499-512.
  • Crandel, L. E., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Whipple, E. E., (1997). Dyadic Synchrony in ParentChild İnteractions: A Link with Maternal Representations of Attachment Relationships: Infant Mental Health Journal, 18/3, 247-264. Easterbrooks, A. M., & Goldenberg, A. W., (1990). Securty of Toddler- Parent Attachment: Relation to Children’s Sociopersonality Functioning During Kindergarten in T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, E. M. Cummings, Attachment in Preschool Years, Chichago University of Chichago Press, 221-244.
  • Gander, J. M.,& Gandıner, W. H., (2007). İlk Çocuklukta Gelişim içinden Bekir Onur, Çocuk ve Erken Gelişimi, 6, İmge Kitapevi, 247-2
  • Granot, D., & Mayseless, O., (2001). Attachment Security and Adjustment to School in Middle Childhood: International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25/6, 530-541.
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P., (1987). Romantic Love Conceptualized as an Attachment Process: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
  • Karabulut, Demir., & Şendil.,(2008). Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği: Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(21), 15-25.
  • Karavasilis, L., Doyle, A. B., & Markiewicz, D., (2003). Association Between Parenting Style and Attachment to Mother in Middle Childhood and Adolescence: International journal of Behavioral Development, 27(2), 153-164.
  • Laible, D., Carlo, G., & Ontai, L., (2004). Children’s Perceptions of Family Relationships as Assessed in a Doll Story Completion Task: Links to Parenting, Social Competence and Externalizing Behavior: Social Development, 13(4), 551- 569.
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J., (1983). Socialization in the Context of the Family: Parent-Child Interaction”, in P. Mussen and E. M. Hetherington (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology, Vol. 4: Socialization, Personality and Social Development, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1-101.
  • Marvin R.S., & Britner, P.A. (1999). Normative Development: The Ontogeny of Attachment. In J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinicial Applications, Newyork: Guilford, 44-67.
  • Milkuncer, M., & Florian, V., (1999). The Association between Parental Reports of Attachment Style and Family Dynamics and Offspring’s Reports of Adult attachment Style: Fam Proc, 38, 243-257.
  • Muris, P., Meester,C., Merckelbach, H., & Hulsenbeck, P., (2000). Worry in Children is Related to Perceived Parental Rearing and Attachment: Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 487-497.
  • Neal, J., & Frick-Horbury, D.,(2001). The Effects of Parenting Styles and Childhood Attachment Patterns on Intimate Relationship: Journal of Instructional Psychology, 28(3).
  • Pantke, R., & Slade, P., (2006). Remembered Parenting Style and Psychological Wellbeing in Young Adults Whose Parents Had Experienced Early Child Loss: The British Psychological Society, 79, 69–81.
  • Perris, C., & Andersson, P., (2000). Experiences of Parental Rearing and Patterns of Attachment in Adulthood: Clinical Psychology and Psychotheraphy, 7, 276-288.
  • Richaud de Minzi M. C., (2006). Loneliness and Depression in Middle and Late Childhood: The Relationship to Attachement and Parentel Styles: Journal of Genetic Psychology, 167/2, 1892
  • Roelofs, J., Meesters, C., Murris, P., (2008). Correlates of Self –reported Attachment (In) security in Children: The Role of Parental Romantic Attachment Status and Rearing Behaviors: J Child. Fam. Stud, 17, 555-566. Uluç, S., & Öktem, F., (2009). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Güvenli Yer Senaryolarının Değerlendirilmesi: Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 24(63), 69Sümer, N., (2006). Yetişkin Bağlanma Ölçeklerinin Kategoriler ve Boyutlar Düzeyinde Karşılaştırılması: Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 21(57), 1-22.
  • Türköz, Y., (2007). Okulöncesi Çocuklarda Bağlanma Örüntüsünün Kişiler arası Problem Çözme ve Açık Bellek Süreçlerine Etkisi: Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi. Volling, B. L., Notaro, P. C., & Larsen, J. J., (1998). Adult Attachment Styles: Relations with Emotional Well-Being, Marriage, and Parenting: Family Relations: The Family as a Context for Health and Well-Being, 47/ 4, 355-367.
Psikoloji Çalışmaları-Cover
  • ISSN: 1304-4680
  • Başlangıç: 1956
  • Yayıncı: İstanbul Üniversitesi
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Diyabetli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Aile İşlevlerinin ve Durumluk - Sürekli Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Canset Tütüncüoğlu, İdil Kaya Balkan

Gençlerin ve Yaşlıların Otobiyografik Bellek Özellikleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması: Betimsel Bir Çalışma

Filiz Sayar

Laikliğe İlişkin Tutumlar Üzerine Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

K. Paker, Selda İçin Akçalı

Okul Öncesi Çocuklar ve Ebeveynlerinin Bağlanma Güvenlikleri İle Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumları Arasındaki İlişkiler

Ayşegül Güner Algan, Gül Şendil