Mazeret Bulma Eğilimi İle Özsaygı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Mazeret Bulma Eğilimi Başarısızlık Durumunda Özsaygıyı Korur Mu? Başlangıçtaki Özsaygı Düzeyinin Rolü

Araştırmalar, performanslarının değerlendirileceği önemli durumlardan hemen önce bireylerinkendi ürettikleri davranışsal engellerin ya da sözel mazeretlerin başarısızlık durumunda özsaygıyıkoruduğunu, öte yandan kronikleşmiş ya da alışkanlık halini almış mazeret bulma eğiliminin uzunvadede özsaygıyı azalttığını göstermektedir. Bazı çalışmalar davranışsal kendini engelleme yada sözel mazeret bulma stratejilerinin özsaygı koruma işlevinin, özsaygının başlangıç seviyesinebağlı olduğuna işaret etmektedir; ancak diğer araştırmalara göre bu işlev başlangıçtaki özsaygıdüzeyinden bağımsızdır. Bu çalışmada performansın değerlendirileceği önemli durumlardanhemen önce üretilen davranışsal engellerin ya da sözel mazeretlerin değil de, bir kişisel yatkınlıkolarak mazeret bulma eğiliminin özsaygı ile ilişkisi incelenmektedir. Özellikle, mazeret bulmaeğiliminin başarısızlık durumunda özsaygıdaki azalmayı engelleyip engellemediği; mazeret bulmaeğiliminin özsaygı koruma işlevinin, bireylerin başlangıçtaki özsaygı düzeylerine bağlı olupolmadığı soruları araştırılmaktadır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda, üniversite öğrencileri arasındabir anket çalışması (N = 335) ve bir deneysel çalışma (N = 98) yürütülmüştür. Anket çalışmasınınsonuçlarına göre mazeret bulma eğilimi ile özsaygı arasında olumsuz bir ilişki vardır. Deneyselçalışmanın bulguları, mazeret bulma eğiliminin, başarısızlık durumunda özsaygıdaki azalmayı,başlangıçta özsaygısı düşük olan katılımcılar için değil, başlangıçta özsaygısı yüksek olan katılımcılariçin engellediğini göstermiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Mazeret bulma eğilimi, Özsaygı, Benlik koruma

Mazeret Bulma Eğilimi İle Özsaygı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Mazeret Bulma Eğilimi Başarısızlık Durumunda Özsaygıyı Korur Mu? Başlangıçtaki Özsaygı Düzeyinin Rolü

Previous findings showed that strategies rely on behavioral or claimed handicaps just before an important performance protect self-esteem subsequent to a failure, whereas trait self-handicapping appears to reduce it in the long term. Some studies also suggest that self-esteem protection function of self-handicapping depends on the initial level of self-esteem, while the other studies failed to show a systematic interaction effect of initial level of self-esteem and self-handicapping on self-esteem level subsequent to a failure. In this study, the relationship between self-esteem and trait self-handicapping, is examined, rather than the verbal or behavioral self-handicapping before an important performance.Specifically, the question that whether trait self-handicapping plays a self-protective role subsequent to a failure depending on the initial self-esteem level is addressed.In line with these purposes, a correlational study (N=335) and an experimental study (N=98) were conducted in a sample of Turkish university students.The results of the correlational study indicated that there is a negative significant correlation between trait self-handicapping and self-esteem. The results of the experimental study indicated that trait-self-handicapping buffered the effects of failure for participants who were initially high in self-esteem, but not for those who were initially low in self-esteem

___

  • Berglas, S., ve Jones, E.E. (1978). Drug choice as a self handicapping strategy in response to non-contingent success. Journal of Social Psychology and Personality, 36, 405-417.
  • Brown, J.D. (2010). Across the (not so) great divide: Cultural similarities in self-esteem functioning: East is East and West is West, but sometimes the Twain do meet. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40, 140-157.
  • Çuhadaroğlu, F. (1986). Adölesanlarda benlik saygısı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Ana Bilim Dalı. Uzmanlık Tezi.
  • Elliot, A.J., ve Church, M.A. (2003). A motivational analysis of defensive pessimism and self-handicapping. Journal of Personality, 71, 369-396.
  • Feick, D.L., ve Rhodewalt, F. (1997). The double-edged sword of self-handicapping: discounting, augmentation, and the protection and enhancement of self-esteem. Motivation ve Emotion, 21, 147-163.
  • Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., ve Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766- 794.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Jones, E. E., ve Rhodewalt, F. (1982). The Self-Handicapping Scale. Yayınlanmamış çalışma.(Department of Psychology, University of Utah adresinden istenebilir).
  • Kagitcibasi, C. (1996). The autonomous-relatedness self: a new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1, 180-186.
  • Langer, E.J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psycho- logy, 32, 311–328.
  • Leary, M.R., ve Sheppard, J.A. (1986). Behavioral self-handicaps versus self-reported handicaps: A conceptual note. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 1265-1268.
  • Lee, S.W.S., Oyserman, D., ve Bond, M. (2010). Am I beter doing than you? That de- pends on whether you ask me in English or Chinese: Self-enhancement effects of language as a cultural mindset prime. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 785-791.
  • Markus, H. R., ve Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
  • Martin, K.A., ve Brawley, L.R. (2002). Self-handicapping in physical achievement settings: The contributions of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self ve Identity, 1, 337-351.
  • McCrea , S.M., ve Hirt , E.R. (2001). The role of ability judgments in self-handicapping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1378-1389.
  • McCrea, S.M., Hirt, E.R., ve Milner, B.J. (2008). She works hard for the money: Valuing effort underlies gender differences in behavioral self-handicapping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 292-311
  • Rhodewalt, F., ve Hill, S.K. (1995). Self-handicapping in the classroom: The effects of claimed self-hveicaps on responses to academic failure. Basic ve Applied Social Psycho- logy, 17, 397-416.
  • Rhodewalt, F. (1990). Self-handicappers: Individual differences in the preference for anticipatory self-protective acts. In R. L. Higgins, C. R. Snyder, ve S. Berglas (Eds.), Self- handicapping: The paradox that isn’t (s. 69–106). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Rhodewalt, F., Morf, C., Hazlett, S., ve Fairfield, M. (1991). Self handicapping: The role of discounting and augmentation in the preservation of self-esteem. Journal of Per- sonality and Social Psychology, 61, 122–131.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., ve Toguchi, Y. (2003). Pancultural self-enhancement. Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes, 84, 60-79.
  • Shepperd, J. A., ve Arkin, R. M. (1989). Self-handicapping: The moderating roles of public self-consciousness and task importance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 252–265.
  • Tice, D.M. (1991). Esteem protection or enhancement. Self handicapping motives ve attributions differ by trait self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 711-725.
  • Tucker, J. A., Vuchinich, R. E., ve Sobell, M. B. (1981). Alcohol consumption as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 220-230.
  • Uysal, A., ve Knee, C.R. (2012). Low Trait Self-Control Predicts Self-Handicapping. Journal of Personality, 80, 59-79.
  • Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820.
  • Veersen, S. M., ve Limpert, C. (2001). Future-event schemas: Automaticity and rumi- nation in major depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 311-333.
  • Veersen, S. M., Spielman, L. A., ve Bargh, J. A. (1992). Future-event schemas and certainty about the future: Automaticity in depressives‘ future-event predictions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 711-723.
  • Zuckerman, M., ve Tsai, F. (2005). Costs of self-handicapping. Journal of Personality, 73, 411-442.
  • Zuckerman, M., Kieffer, S. C., ve Knee, C. R. (1998). Consequences of self-handicapping: Effects on coping, academic performance, adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1619–1628.