Sağlık Davranış Kuramları Çerçevesinden Hamilelikte Sigara Bırakma: Güncel Bir Derleme

Hamilelikte sigara kullanımı hem anne hem de bebeğin sağılığını etkilediğinden hamilelikte sigara bırakma önemli bir sağlık davranışı olup sağlık psikolojisinin de önemli konularından biridir. Bu makalenin amacı, hamilelikte sigara bırakma davranışını “sağlık davranış kuramları” çerçevesinde ele alan betimsel çalışmaların ve bu konuda 2000 yılından sonra yürütülmüş kuram temelli müdahale çalışmalarının gözden geçirilmesidir. Bu amaçla çeşitli veri tabanları Şubat-Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında “gebelerde/hamilerde sigara bırakma”, “sağlık davranış modelleri”, “teori temelli müdahaleler” anahtar kelimeleri ile taranmıştır. Bu kapsamda konuyla ilgili yaklaşık 70 makaleye erişilmiş ancak kuram temelli müdahaleler kapsamında sadece 9 çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Ulaşılan çalışmaların sosyal bilişsel kuram, planlı davranış teorisi ve transteoretik model kapsamında ele alındığı ve hamilelerde sigarayı bırakma niyetinin önemli yordayıcısının kuramlar üstü bir kavram olan öz-etkinlik olduğu görülmüştür. Konuyla ilgili yürütülen kuram temelli müdahalelerin etkililiklerine dair net bulgulardan bahsetmek zor olsa da, çalışmalar değişim evrelerine uygun müdahalelerin destekleyici olabileceğine işaret etmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

hamilelik, sigara bırakma, sağlık davranış kuramları

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy within the Framework of Health Behavioral Theories: A Current Review

Since smoking during pregnancy affects both health of the mother and the baby, smoking cessation during pregnancy is an important health behavior and is one of the important issues of health psychology. The aim of this article is to review descriptive studies which handle smoking cessation during pregnancy within the framework of “health behavioral theories” and theory-based intervention studies conducted after 2000 about this topic. For this purpose, several databases were scanned with the "smoking cessation in pregnant women", "health behavior models", "theory-based interventions" keywords between February-March 2021. Approximately 70 related articles were accessed, but only 9 of them were evaluated within the scope of theory-based interventions. It was seen that achieved studies were handled within the scope of social cognitive theory, planned behavior theory and transtheoretical model, and self-efficacy as a trans-theoretical concept was the important predictor of intention to quit smoking among pregnant women. Although it is difficult to mention clear findings about the effectiveness of theory-based interventions on this topic, studies have pointed out that interventions based on stages of change can be supportive.

Keywords:

pregnancy, smoking cessation, health behavioral theories,

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