Karmaşık Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Karmaşık travma, tekrarlayan, uzun süreli ve kişilerarası ilişkilerden kaynaklı travmatik olaylardan dolayı meydana gelen ve belirtileri travma sonrası stres bozukluğundan (TSSB) farklı olan bir tanıdır. Karmaşık travma ile ilgili olarak uzun yıllardır çalışmalar yapılmasına rağmen farklı bir tanı olarak kabul edilmemiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 2018 yılında yayınlanan Uluslararası Hastalık Sınıflandırmasının en güncel versiyonu olan 11. Baskısı (ICD-11), “Stres İle İlişkili Bozukluklar” kategorisi altında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ile birlikte yeni bir tanı olan karmaşık travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna yer vermiştir. Bu yeni tanı, TSSB’nin üç tanı ölçütünün (yeniden yaşantılama, kaçınma ve hipervijilans) yanı sıra duygu disregülasyonu, kişiler arası ilişkilerde sorunlar ve olumsuz benlik kavramı olmak üzere benlik organizasyonu ile ilgili 3 yeni belirtiyi de içermektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında ilk olarak Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabının (DSM) 5. baskısın (DSM-5) ve ICD-11’e göre TSSB tanısındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra karmaşık TSSB bozukluğunun tarihçesi, tanımı ve diğer bozukluklarla arasındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Son olarak Karmaşık TSSB’nin tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemler ile ilgili çalışmalar aktarılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, karmaşık travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, ICD-11

Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review

Complex trauma is a diagnosis that occurs due to repetitive, long-term and interpersonal traumatic events and its symptoms are different from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although many studies have been conducted on complex trauma for many years, it has not been accepted as a different diagnosis. The 11th Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), published by the World Health Organization in 2018, includes complex post-traumatic stress disorder, a new diagnosis, besides post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) under the category of “Stress-Related Disorders”. In addition to the three diagnostic criteria of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hypervigilance), 3 new symptoms related to self-organization have been added to this new diagnosis, namely emotion dysregulation, problems in interpersonal relationships, and negative self-concept. In this review study, firstly, the differences in the diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM-5 and ICD-11 were examined. Then, the history, definition and differences between complex PTSD disorder and other disorders were examined. Finally, studies on the methods used in the treatment of Complex PTSD were reviewed.

Keywords:

Post-traumatic stress disorder, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, ICD-11,

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