Ergen Davranışsal Aktivasyon Programının Uyarlanması ve Etkililiğinin Karma Yöntem ile İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada ergenlerde depresif belirtileri azaltmaya yönelik, davranışsal aktivasyon (DA) terapisi temelli Ergen Davranışsal Aktivasyon Programı (E-DAP) Türk kültürüne uyarlanmış ve karma yöntem desenlerinden müdahale deseni ile etkililiği test edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ergen depresyonunu azaltmaya yönelik DA temelli herhangi bir uygulamanın olmaması bu çalışmanın çıkış noktasıdır. Çalışma grubu, karma yöntem örnekleme stratejilerinden iç içe örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de farklı üç lisede öğrenim gören ve depresif belirtileri yüksek olan 20 öğrenci ile deney ve kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. Uyarlanan E-DAP, deney grubundaki öğrencilere, 12 hafta boyunca bireysel olarak uygulanmıştır. Deney grubundaki öğrencilerin ebeveynleriyle de üç oturum gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın nicel aşamasında yarı deneysel desenlerden ön test son test kontrol gruplu eşleştirilmiş desen, nitel aşamasında ise durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın nitel verileri, ergenler ve ebeveynlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve oturum değerlendirme formlarıyla toplanmıştır. Uyarlanan DA temelli E-DAP Türk ergen örnekleminde depresif belirtileri azaltmada etkili bir uygulama olduğu ve deney grubundaki katılımcıların depresyon puanları üzerinde anlamlı düzeyde bir düşüş sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen nitel bulgular ergenlerin, E-DAP sürecini kendilerini daha iyi hissetmelerine katkı sunan bir faktör olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Ergenler, E-DAP’ın kaçınma davranışını azaltmada, öfke kontrolünü sağlamada, benlik saygısı ve sosyal etkileşimi arttırmada etkili olduğuna dair ifadelerde bulunmuşlardır. Ebeveynler ise E-DAP‘ı geliştirici, eğitici ve çocuklarındaki depresif belirtilerin azaltan bir uygulama olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Ayrıca, elde edilen nitel bulguların nicel bulguları desteklediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın DA terapisinin Türkiye’deki ilk uygulaması olması bakımından, Türkiye’deki yeni çalışmalara ve uluslararası düzeyde kültürlerarası çalışmalara katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Davranışsal aktivasyon, ergenlik depresyonu, ebeveyn katılımı, depresif belirtiler, ergen davranışsal aktivasyon programı

Adaptation of Adolescent Behavioral Activation Program and Investigation of Its Effectiveness by Mixed Method

In this study, the Adolescent Behavioral Activation Program (A-BAP) based on behavioral activation (BA) therapy to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents was adapted to Turkish culture, and its effectiveness was tested with intervention design, one of the mixed method designs. In this direction, experimental and control groups were formed with 20 students studying in three different high schools in Turkey and with highly elevated depressive symptoms. The study group was determined by nested sampling from mixed-method sampling strategies. The starting point of this study is the absence of any BA-based practice to reduce adolescent depression in Turkey. In this direction, experimental and control groups were formed with 20 students studying in three different high schools in Turkey and with highly elevated depressive symptoms. The adapted A-BAP was applied individually to the students in the experimental group for 12 weeks. Three sessions were also held with the parents of the students in the experimental group. In the quantitative phase of the study, pre-test and post-test control groups paired patterns from semi-experimental designs, and a case study was used in the qualitative stage. The qualitative data of the study were collected from adolescents and their parents through semi-structured interviews and session evaluation forms. It was determined that the adapted BA-based A-BAP was an effective intervention in reducing depressive symptoms in the Turkish adolescent sample and provided a significant decrease in the depression scores of the participants in the experimental group . The qualitative findings show that adolescents perceive the A-BAP process as a factor contributing to making them feel better. Adolescents have reported that A-BAP is effective in reducing avoidance behavior, achieving anger control, and increasing self-esteem and social interaction. Parents consider A-BAP as a developer, educator, and practice that reduces depressive symptoms in their children. In addition, it was determined that the qualitative findings obtained supported the quantitative results. Since the study is the first application of BA therapy in Turkey, it is thought that it will contribute to new studies in Turkey and intercultural studies at the international level.

Keywords:

Behavioral activation, adolescent depression, parent involvement, depressive symptoms, adolescent behavioral activation program,

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