Bağlanma, Duygu Düzenleme Süreçleri ve Cinsel İşlev Bozukluğu Arasındaki İlişki: Bir Model Önerisi

Ergenlikten başlayarak kişinin yaşamında önemi gittikçe artan cinsel yaşam psikolojik, sosyolojik ve biyolojik temeli olan pek çok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmada alanyazında sıklıkla çalışılan güvensiz bağlanma örüntüleri ve cinsel işlev sorunları arasındaki ilişkiye açıklama getirmek için duygu düzenleme süreçleri ve olumlu-olumsuz deneyimlerin rolü Yapısal Eşitlik Modellerinden Yol Analizi ile test edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 18 ile 31 arasında değişen, Golombok Rust Cinsel Doyum Ölçeği’nden 35 ve üstü puan alan 201 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Doğrudan ilişkiler incelendiğinde güvensiz bağlanma örüntüsü sergileyen kadınların olumsuz deneyimlerinin artması, cinsel işlev bozukluğu düzeyinin artması ile; duygu düzenleme güçlüklerinin artması ise cinsel işlev bozukluğu düzeyinin düşmesi ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Fakat dolaylı ve toplam etkiler incelendiğinde duygu düzenleme süreçlerinde yaşanan güçlükler cinsel işlev bozukluğu düzeyi ile pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Ayrıca, kaçınıcı bağlanma örüntüsü cinsel işlev bozukluğu düzeyini kaygılı bağlanma örüntüsüne kıyasla daha yüksek düzeyde yordamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bağlanma, cinsel işlevsizlik, duygu düzenleme, olumlu-olumsuz deneyimler

Relationship between Attachment, Emotion Regulation Process and Sexual Dysfunction Level: A Model Proposal

From the beginning of adolescence, sexual life, which has an increasing importance in a person's life, is affected by psychological, sociological and biological factors. In this study, the role of emotion regulation processes and positive-negative experiences was tested with Structural Equation Models with Path Analysis to explain the relationship between insecure attachment patterns and sexual dysfunction that is frequently studied in the literature. The sample of the study consisted of 201 women, with 35 or above scores on the Golombok Rust Sexual Satisfaction Scale, whose ages range between 18 and 31 years. When the direct relationships were examined, women who had insecure attachment patterns and who had higher negative experiences had higher sexual dysfunction levels. In contrast, the increase in emotion regulation difficulties was related to a decrease of sexual dysfunction level. However, difficulties in emotion regulation processes were positively related to sexual dysfunction level when indirect and total effects were taken into consideration. In addition, the avoidant attachment pattern predicted sexual dysfunction better than anxious attachment pattern.

PDF

___

Adams KM ve Robinson DW (2001) Shame Reduction, Affect Regulation, and Sexual Boundary Development: Essential Building Blocks of Sexual Addiction Treatment, Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 8:1,23-44.
Birnbaum GE, Reis HT, Mikulincer, M, Gillath, O, & Orpaz, A (2006). When sex is more than just sex: Attachment orientations, sexual experience, and relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91: 929–943.
Birnbaum GE (2007) Attachment orientations, sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction in a community sample of women. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 24: 21–35.
Birnbaum GE (2010) Bound to interact: The divergent goals and complex interplay of attachment and sex within romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27(2): 245–252.
Brassard A, Dupuy E, Bergeron S ve Shaver PR (2015) Attachment Insecurities and Women's Sexual Function and Satisfaction: The Mediating Roles of Sexual Self-Esteem, Sexual Anxiety, and Sexual Assertiveness, The Journal of Sex Research 52:1,110-119.
Brassard A, Shaver PR, ve Lussier Y (2007). Attachment, sexual experience, and sexual pressure in romantic relationships: A dyadic approach. Personal Relationships 14: 475–493.
Cabral J, Matos PM, Beyers W ve Soenens B (2012). Attachment, Emotion Regulation and Coping in Portuguese Emerging Adults: A Test of a Mediation Hypothesis. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 15 (3): 1000-1012.
Ciocca G, Limoncin E, Di Tommaso S, Mollaioli D, Gravina GL, Marcozzi A ve et al. (2014). Attachment styles and sexual dysfunctions: a case–control study of female and male sexuality. International Journal of Impotence Research 27: 81–85. Cohen DL & Belsky J (2008) Avoidant romantic attachment and female orgasm: testing an emotion-regulation hypothesis, Attachment & Human Development 10: 1, 1-10.
Cole PM, Martin SE ve Dennis TA (2004). Emotion Regulation as a Scientific Construct: Methodological Challenges and Directions for Child Development Research. Child Development, 75(2): 317 – 333.
Collins NL, ve Feeney BC (2004). Working Models of Attachment Shape Perceptions of Social Support: Evidence From Experimental and Observational Studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (3): 363–383.
Davis D, Shaver PR, & Vernon ML (2004). Attachment style and subjective motivations for sex. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30: 1076–1090.
Davis D, Shaver PR, Widaman KF, Vernon ML, Follette WC ve Beitz K (2006). “I can’t get no satisfaction”: Insecure attachment, inhibited sexual communication, and sexual dissatisfaction. Personal Relationships13: 465–483.
Dewitte M (2012). Different perspectives on thesex-attachment link: Towards an emotion-motivationalaccount. Journal of Sex Research 49: 105–124.
Diamond D, Blatt SJ, Lichtenberg JD. (2007). Attachment and sexuality. New York: The Analytic Press/Taylor & Francis Group.
Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov W, Kim-Prieto C, Choi D, Oishi S, & Biswas-Diener R (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research 97: 143–156.
Gentzler AL ve Kerns KA (2004). Associations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences. Personal Relationships 11: 249–265.
Gratz KL ve Roemer L (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 26: 41-54.
Hazan C D, Shaver P (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (3): 511-524.İncesu C (2004). Cinsel İşlevler ve Cinsel İşlev Bozuklukları. Klinik Psikiyatri; 3:3-13.
Kesebir S, Kökçü F, Dereboy F. Erişkin Bağlanma Biçimi Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. New Symposium Journal 2012 50(2): 99- 104.
Kingsberg SA, Janata JW (2007) Female sexual disorder: assessment, diagnosis and treatment.Urol Clin N Am, 34:497-506.
Küt D (2018). Genç yetişkin kadın bireylerin bağlanma stilleri ile cinsel yaşam kalitesi düzeyleri, cinsel özgüven ve psikolojik belirtilerinin incelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Lavender JM ve Anderson DA (2010). Contribution of Emotion Regulation Difficulties to Disordered Eating and Body Dissatisfaction in College Men. International Journal of Eating Disorders 43 (4): 352–357.
Meydan CH ve Şeşen H, (2011), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulama- ları, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Michetti PM, Rossi R, Bonanno D, Tiesi A ve Simonelli C (2006). Male sexuality and regulation of emotions: a study on the association between alexithymia and erectile dysfunction (ED). International Journal of Impotence Research 18: 170–174.
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. (2007). A behavioral systems perspective on the psychodynamics of attachment and sexuality. In: Diamond D, Blatt SJ, Lichtenberg JD, eds. Attachment and sexuality. New York: The Analytic Press/Taylor & Francis Group :51–78
Mikulincer M, ve Shaver P (2007)a. Attachment in Adulthood (Structure, Dynamics and Change). The Guilford Press.
Okci B (2017). Cinsel yönelimin bağlanma stilleri, cinsel doyum ve psikopatoloji yönünden değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
Özcan Ö, Cumurcu Elbozan B, Karlıdağ R, Ünal S, Mutlu Aktan E ve Kartalcı Ş (2015). Attachment styles in women with vaginismus. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg.; 16:37-43.
Rugancı RN ve Gençöz T (2010). Psychometric properties of the Difficulty of EmotionRegulation Scale in a Turkish sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66: 442-455.
Schachner DA, & Shaver PR (2004). Attachment dimensions and sexual motives. Personal Relationships 11: 179–195.
Shaver PR ve Mikulincer M (2008). Adult Attachment and Cognitive and Affective Reactions to Positive and Negative Events. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2(5): 1844–1865.
Sümer N (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları 3 (6): 49-74.
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics, 4th Edn. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Telef BB (2015). The Positive And Negative Experience Scale Adaptation For Turkish University Students. European Scientific Journal 11 (14): 49-59.
Tuğrul C, Öztan N, Kabakçı E (1993) Golombok-Rust Cinsel Doyum Ölçeği’nin Standardizasyon Çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 4: 83-88.