Gizem ATES, Muge Seda ATES, Esra Canpolat GOKCE, Demet TOKTAS

DILEMMAS AND CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF FREE ZONES: GLOBAL TRADE PROSPECTS

Purpose- Multiple transformations have begun with the shift from industry-oriented to information-oriented structures in the free zones. The study aims to examine the dilemmas and difficulties observed in the transformation of free zones operating in Turkey. Methodology- The study is in quantitative design. The study used the trade volume data according to the countries realized by the free zones in Turkey in 2020. Findings- While the analysis reveals the global trade of free zones, it also reveals results of the ratio of exports to imports of 17 free zones. Conclusion- The results highlight the need for these regions to be integrated into high-tech industrial transformation policies.

Keywords:

Free zones transformation, global trade, Turkey, trade volume,

PDF

___

Bao, T., Dai, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). Trade Liberalization and Trade and Capital Flows: Evidence from China Pilot Free Trade Zones. Available at SSRN 3534587, Retrieved 2022, May 02,http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534587.
Cling, J., & Letilly, G. (2001). Export Processing Zones: A Threatened Instrument For Global Economy Insertion? (DIAL Document de Travail No. 17). Retrieved 2022, May 02, from http://ideas.repec.org/p/dia/wpaper/dt200117.html#download
Dabour, N. (1999). Free trade zones in the aftermath of the Uruguay Round: experience of selected OIC member countries. Journal of Economic Cooperation, 20(4), 1-33.
Facchini, G., & Willmann, G. (1999). The gains from duty free zones. Journal of International Economics, 49(2), 403-412.
Graham, E. M. (2004). Do export processing zones attract FDI and its benefits. International Economics and Economic Policy, 1(1), 87-103.
Jayanthakumaran, K. (2003). Benefit–cost appraisals of export processing zones: A survey of the literature. Development Policy Review, 21(1), 51-65.
Kaplinsky, R. (1993). Export processing zones in the Dominican Republic: Transforming manufactures into commodities. World Development, 21(11), 1851-1865.
Liu, J., Wang, X., & Guo, J. (2021). Port efficiency and its influencing factors in the context of Pilot Free Trade Zones. Transport Policy, 105, 67-79.
Öztürk, L. (2013). Serbest bölgelerin geleceği: Türkiye açisindan bir değerlendirme. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 9(19), 75- 86.
Mogielnicki, R. (2021). Free Zones as Spheres of Regional Contestation. In: A Political Economy of Free Zones in Gulf Arab States. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71274-7_6
Shayah, M. H., & Qifeng, Y. (2015). Development of free zones in United Arab Emirates. International Review of Research in Emerging Markets and the Global Economy (IRREM), 1(2), 286-294.
Waters, J. J. (2013). Achieving World Trade Organization compliance for export processing zones while maintaining economic competitiveness for developing countries. Duke Law Journal, 63(2), 481-524.
Warr, P. G. (1985). Malaysia's industrial enclaves: Benefits and costs. Australian National University.
Willemijn, D. E. (2013). Establishing Free Zones for regional development.
Zeng, Douglas Zhihua, 2011. How do special economic zones and industrial clusters drive China’s rapid development? Policy Research Working Paper 5583. World Bank, Washington, DC. DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5583.