With the May 2004 accession of ten new members just behind it, the EU is turning its attention to further expansion. For many, the most problematic case will be Turkey, which also has stood longer than other states in the membership queue. This article explores what Turkish membership would portend for the ‘New Europe.’ It discusses Turkey’s ‘European’ credentials, various reforms that have occurred in Turkey since the Helsinki decision of 1999, and how Turkish membership would affect the EU’s self-identity. It argues that the fears of those who want to exclude Turkey are misplaced or exaggerated, that Turkey largely meets EU requirements, and Turkish membership has much to offer the EU. It concludes by suggesting that the inclusion of Turkey would affirm the EU as a ‘rights-based’ community.