The Cold War was declared over with the Russian Federation agreeing to collaborate with the US in limiting and controlling nuclear weapons. The US altered its view of Russia because the threat ceased although the nuclear danger continued to exist. The US mobilised rich states and international institutions to aid Russia and sent experts and advisors to help with the reforms. With the independence of the Eastern European states and the transformation of the Soviet Union into the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS , Western Europe was glad to have its land borders with Russia removed. Russia, which had been breathing down their necks, had retreated. The withdrawal of Russian soldiers from East Germany was accomplished in August 1994 thanks to the strength of the German Mark.