___

• CEPAL, Statistical Yearbook for Latin America and the Caribbean 2011, Economic Commission For Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago de Chile, 2011, pp. 115-116. 2 Ibid., p. 124. 3 Ibid., pp. 79-81.
• Angus Maddison, The World Economy, OECD Publishing, 2006, p. 641. 5 Ibid., p. 81.
• Claudio M. Loser and Drew Arnold, “América Latina 2040: Una Agenda Para Un Futuro de Prosperidad Compartida”, in Carlos Malamud, Federico Steinberg and Concha Tejedor (eds.), Anuario Iberoamericano 2011, Real Instituto Elcano/EFE, Madrid, pp. 48-49.
• OCDE/CEPAL, Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina 2011. Transformación del Estado para el Desarrollo, OECD Publishing, 2011, p. 15.
• Organization of American States, Informe de Políticas: La Crisis Económica Global; Efectos y Estrategias Politicas, Fifth Summit of the Americas, p. 4.
• The acronym of Brazil, Russia, India and China created by the investment agency Goldman Sachs as the emerging powers of the 21st century. From 2006, the BRICs start a series of multilateral meetings. In 2010, South Africa entered the group formally; hence they are now the BRICS.
• Mehmet Özkan and Birol Akgün, “Turkey’s Opening to Africa”, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 48, No. 4 (2010), p. 528.
• An inter-regional group formed by India, Brazil and South Africa to approach positions in multiple fields of their multilateral agenda.
• Ziya Meral and Jonathan Paris, “A Paradigm Shift in Turkish Foreign Policy-Transition and Challenges”, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 4 (2010), p. 78.
• Ahmet Davutoğlu, “Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision: An Assessment of 2007”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 10, No. 1 (2008), p. 79.
• The principle of “zero problems with the neighbours” has served to secure its internal front so as to extend its influence in the region, though in 2011 this was subject to multiple pressures by the “overflow” of the “Arab Spring” on Syria and the increase in the Kurdish problem given the multiple terrorist attacks of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Analysts such as Joshua Keating or Svante Cornell argue that a series of important problems has given relative importance to this principle.
• The concept of “rhythmic diplomacy” is a theme that indicates a simultaneity in the growing and development of bilateral and multilateral relations vide Davutoğlu, “Turkey’s Foreign Policy Vision”, pp. 79-83.
• Ziya Öniş, “Multiple Faces of the “New” Turkish Foreign Policy: Underlying Dynamics and a Critique”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 13, No. 1 (2011), p. 53.
• Bülent Aras, “Turkey’s Rise in the Greater Middle East: Peace-building in the Periphery”, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Vol.11, No.1 (2009), p. 21.
• “İhracat 134.5 Milyar Dolarla Tarihi Rekor Kırdı, ‘Milyar Dolar Ligi’ne 15 İl Yerleşti”, Hürriyet, 3 January 2012.
• Gareth Jenkins, “Turkey-Latin America Relations”, at http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/ trend-lines/7445/global-insider-turkey-latin-america-relations [last visited 1 October 2013].
• Ayşe Çelenk, “Türkiye’nin Latin Amerika Politikasi 2010”, in Burhanettin Duran, Kemal İnat and Mesut Özcan (eds.), Türk Dış Politikası Yıllığı 2010, Ankara, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı (SETA), 2011, pp. 485-501.
• Luz María de la Mora, Las Relaciones de America Latina y el Caribe con el Medio Oriente: Situación actual y áreas de oportunidad, Caracas, SELA, 2011, p. 20.
• Süleyman Şensoy, “First Workshop Final Report ‘the Relations Between Turkey - Latin America and Caribbean’”, at http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3283/first_workshop_final_ report_quotthe_relations_between_turkey_-_latin_america_and_caribbeanquot [last visited 1 September 2013].
• Çelenk, “Turkiye’nin Latin Amerika Politikase 2010”, pp. 485-501.
• This multilateral institution has existed since 1999 and was strengthened because of the international financial crisis of 2008/2009. It includes Germany, Canada, the USA, France, Italy, Japan, The United Kingdom, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa and Turkey.
• Ten of the 65 countries that have observer status are from the Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Morocco, Qatar, Tunis, Turkey and Yemen), which allows them to be better informed of the subjects on LAC. This has strengthened the political dialogue between the parties and has increased opportunities in the South-South cooperation cfr, De la Mora, Las relaciones de America Latina y el Caribe con el Medio Oriente, SELA, 2011, p. 42.
• This group also includes some regional countries as Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Santa Lucia, San Vicente and Las Granadinas, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela.
• De la Mora, Las relaciones de América Latina y el Caribe con el Medio Oriente, p. 28.
• John Daly, “Turkey Seeks to Increase Trade with Latin America”, Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol. 5, No. 77 (2008).
• Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı, “Turkey’s Trade Development Strategy Towards the Americas”, 2006, p. 5.
• CIVETS is an acronym created by Robert Ward of the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) to identify emerging countries that have projections of high growth in the next few decades and could succeed the BRIC. The countries include Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa.