___

• Alaugab, A. M. (2007). Benefits, barriers, and attitudes of Saudi female faculty and students toward online learning in higher education. Faculty of the Graduate School of Education, University of Kansas, Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
• Apriyanti, C. (2020). Distance learning and obstacles during Covid-19 outbreak. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 7(2), 68-83.
• Bates, A. W. T. (2018). Teaching in a digital age: Guidelines for designing teaching and learning. Tony Bates Associates Ltd, Vancouver BC.
• Berge, Z., & Muilenburg, L. (2000). Barriers to distance education as perceived by managers and administrators: Results of a survey. In M. Clay (Ed.), Distance learning administration annual 2000. Baltimore, MD: University of Maryland–Baltimore. Erişim adresi: https://mdsoar.org/handle/11603/16539.
• Bertiz, Y. & Kocaman Karoğlu, A. (2020). Distance education students’ cognitive flexibility levels and distance education motivations. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 6(4), 638-648.
• Bilgiç, H. G., & Tüzün, H. (2015). Yükseköğretim kurumları web tabanlı uzaktan eğitim programlarında yaşanan sorunlar. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(3), 26-50.
• Bonk, C. J. (2020) Pandemic ponderings, 30 years to today: Synchronous signals, saviors, or survivors?, Distance Education, 41(4), 589-599.
• Borup, J., & Evmenova, A.S. (2019). The effectiveness of professional development in overcoming obstacles to effective online instruction in a college of education. Online Learning, 23(2), 1-20.
• Botha, P. (2011). Obstacles and facilitative opportunities while studying social work within an open and distance learning context. Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk, 47(4), 451-461.
• Burns, M. (2011). Distance education for teacher training: Modes, models and methods. Washington: Education Development Center Inc.
• Chen, B. (2009). Barriers to adoption of technology-mediated distance education in higher-education institutions. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 10(4), 333–338.
• Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & Research desing: Choosing among five approaches. United States of America: SAGE.
• Davis, L. N., Gough, M., & Taylor, L. L. (2019) Online teaching: Advantages, obstacles and tools for getting it right. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 19(3), 256-263.
• Durak, G., Çankaya, S., & İzmirli, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi döneminde Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin uzaktan eğitim sistemlerinin incelenmesi. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 14(1), 787-809.
• Ertmer, P. A. (1999). Addressing first- and secondorder barriers to change: Strategies for technology integration. Educational Technology Research and Development, 47(4), 47-61
• Fauzi, I., & Khusuma, I. H. S. (2020). Teachers’ elementary school in online learning of Covid-19 pandemic conditions. Jurnal Iqra': Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 58-70.
• Guven, M., Kurum, D., & Saglam, M. (2012). Evaluation of the Distance Education Pre-Service Teachers' Opinions about Teaching Practice Course (Case of Izmir City). Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 13(1), 112-127.
• Kaplan-Rakowski, R. (2020). Addressing students’ emotional needs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a perspective on text versus video feedback in online environments. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09897-9
• Karakaya, K. (2020). Design considerations in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic: A human-centered approach. Education Tech Research Dev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09884-0
• Leontyeva, I. A. (2018). Modern distance learning technologies in higher education: Introduction problems. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(10), em1578.
• Mahmud, K. (2010). E-learning for tertiary level education in least developed countries: Implementation obstacles and way outs for Bangladesh. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2(2), 150-155.
• Mailizar, Almanthari, A., Maulina, S., & Bruce, S. (2020). Secondary school mathematics teachers’ views on e-learning ımplementation barriers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: The case of Indonesia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7), em1860.
• Makoe, M. (2012). Teaching digital natives: Identifying competencies for mobile learning facilitators in distance education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 26(1), 91-104.
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Moore, M., & Kearsley, G. (2005). Distance Education: A Systems View. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
• Muilenburg, L. Y. & Berge, Z. L. (2005) Student barriers to online learning: A factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26(1), 29-48.
• O’Doherty, D., Dromey, M., Lougheed, J., Hannigan, A., Last, J., & McGrath, D. (2018). Barriers and solutions to online learning in medical education–an integrative review. BMC Medical Education, 18(1), 130.
• Rasmitadila, Aliyyah, R. R., Rachmadtullah, R., Samsudin, A., Syaodih, E., Nurtanto, M., & Tambunan, A. R. S. (2020). The Perceptions of primary school teachers of online learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic period: A case study in Indonesia. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 7(2), 90-109.
• Saykılı, A. (2018). Distance education: Definitions, generations, key concepts and future directions. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 5(1), 2-17.
• Simonson, M., Smaldino, S., Albright, M. ve Zvacek, S. M. (2008). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education. Information Age Publications, Chorlatte, North Carolina.
• Sönmez, A., Göçmez, L., Uygun, D., & Ataizi, M. (2018). A review of current studies of mobile learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 1(1), 13-27.
• WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2020, from https://www.who.int