Sulamada nitratla kirlenmiş yeraltısuyu kullanımının modellenmesi

Tarım alanlarının altında bulunan nitratla kirlenmiş yeraltısuyunu temizlemenin ekonomik yarar amaçlı alternatif bir yolu pompala ve gübrele yöntemidir. Pompala ve gübrele yöntemi hem yeraltısuyunu kirlilikten arındırırken hem de nitrat, pestisit gibi gereksinimleri azaltabilir. Buna ragmen bugüne kadar bu prosesin değişik iklim ve toprak koşullarında ne düzeyde etkili olduğunu dair bir değerlendirme bulunmamaktadır. Bu tekniği arazide uygulayabilmek için öncesinde bir fizibilite çalışması gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle HYDRUS 1D ile doymamış bölgelerde 1 hektar mısır tarlasına karşılık gelecek yeraltısuyu modelleri yaparak Türkiye’de yaygın olan toprak tiplerinin hidrolojik özelliklerini derleyip Eskişehir, Adana, Şanlıurfa ve Düzce benzeri iklimlerde, pompala ve gübrele yöntemi için en çok gelecek vadeden koşulları bulduk. Çalışmamız bu teknolojinin Şanlıurfa benzeri çok daha kuru ve sıcak iklimlerde 50 mg/L nitrat değerinde bile oldukça karlı olduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu teknikle birlikte bu iklimde 1 hektar tarlada 97 kg N/yıl telafi edilebileceği görüldü. Aynı zamanda fluvisol ve vertisol toprak tiplerinde nitrat sızıntısı en düşükken, cambisol tipi topraklarda nitrojen kullanım verimi bütün iklimler için en yüksek düzeyde bulundu. Düzce gibi oldukça nemli ve soğuk iklimler için ise, bu yöntemin düşük azot kullanım verimleri ve yüksek nitrat sızıntıları nedeniyle uygun olmadığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak görece kuru iklimler ve geçirgen topraklar pompala ve gübrele yöntemi için uygun bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hipotetik modelleme, Pompala & Gübrele, Kirli yeraltı suyu ile sulama

Modeling irrigation with nitrate contaminated groundwater

An alternative method to treat the nitrate-contaminated groundwater under the agricultural fields while providing economic benefit is called pump and fertilize. Pump and fertilize, while removing the nitrate in the groundwater, can reduce nitrate and pesticide requirement. However, up to date, there are no studies evaluating the effect of this application under different soil/climate conditions. In order to apply this technology in the field and to determine its effect, a feasibility study needs to be performed. Therefore, we constructed unsaturated zone groundwater models via HYDRUS 1D for one-hectare corn field in prevalent soils and under Eskişehir, Adana, Şanlıurfa, Düzce climates in Turkey. Our results indicated that even groundwater with 50 mg/L nitrate contamination could provide economic benefit to the agriculture especially where climates and soil types are similar to Şanlıurfa. In this climate using pump and fertilize technique saves 97 kg N/year in a 1-hectare farm. The technique was especially effective for fluvisol, vertisol soils as nitrate leaching are very low, and for cambisol soils since very high nitrogen use efficiency was seen for the climates present in Turkey. Our results indicated that in general the pump and treat efficiency is less effective in wet and cold climates, like in Düzce. As a general result of our study, we concluded that dry and warm climates with relatively permeable soils are more promising for the pump and fertilize application.

Keywords:

Hypothetical model, Pump & Fertilize, Contaminated groundwater irrigation,

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